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391.
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The continuous increase in concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is expected to cool higher levels of the atmosphere. There is some direct and indirect experimental evidence of long-term trends in temperature and other parameters in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). Here we look for long-term trends in the annual and semiannual variations of the radio wave absorption in the lower ionosphere, which corresponds to the MLT region heights. Data from central and southeastern Europe are used. A consistent tendency to a positive trend in the amplitude of the semiannual wave appears to be observed. The reality of a similar tendency in the amplitude of the annual wave is questionable in the sense that the trend in the amplitude of the annual wave is probably induced by the trend in the yearly average values of absorption. The phases of both the annual and semiannual waves display a forward tendency, i.e. shift to an earlier time in the year. A tentative interpretation of these results in terms of changes of the seasonal variation of temperature and wind at MLT heights does not contradict the trends observed in those parameters. 相似文献
393.
Lake water levels change under the influences of natural and/or anthropogenic environmental conditions. Among these influences are the climate change, greenhouse effects and ozone layer depletions which are reflected in the hydrological cycle features over the lake drainage basins. Lake levels are among the most significant hydrological variables that are influenced by different atmospheric and environmental conditions. Consequently, lake level time series in many parts of the world include nonstationarity components such as shifts in the mean value, apparent or hidden periodicities. On the other hand, many lake level modeling techniques have a stationarity assumption. The main purpose of this work is to develop a cluster regression model for dealing with nonstationarity especially in the form of shifting means. The basis of this model is the combination of transition probability and classical regression technique. Both parts of the model are applied to monthly level fluctuations of Lake Van in eastern Turkey. It is observed that the cluster regression procedure does preserve the statistical properties and the transitional probabilities that are indistinguishable from the original data. 相似文献
394.
J. Lastovicka D. Pancheva D. Altadill E. A. Benediktov J. Boška J. Bremer M. Dick K. Igarashi P. Mlch B. A. de la Morena Z. T. Rapoport V. A. Vyakhirev B. O. Vugmeister X. Zhang B. Zolesi 《Annales Geophysicae》1999,17(8):1040-1052
The CRISTA/MAHRSI experiment on board a space shuttle was accompanied by a broad campaign of rocket, balloon and ground-based measurements. Supporting lower ionospheric ground-based measurements were run in Europe and Eastern Asia between 1 October–30 November, 1994. Results of comparisons with long ionospheric data series together with short-term comparisons inside the interval October-November, 1994, showed that the upper middle atmosphere (h =80–100 km) at middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in the interval of the CRISTA/MAHRSI experiment (4–12 November, 1994) was very close to its expected climatological state. In other words, the average results of the experiment can be used as climatological data, at least for the given area/altitudes. The role of solar/geomagnetic and “meteorological” control of the lower ionosphere is investigated and compared with the results of MAP/WINE, MAC/SINE and DYANA campaigns. The effects of both solar/geomagnetic and global meteorological factors on the lower ionosphere are found to be weak during autumn 1994 compared to those in MAP/WINE and DYANA winters, and they are even slightly weaker than those in MAP/SINE summer. The comparison of the four campaigns suggests the following overall pattern: in winter the lower ionosphere at northern middle latitudes appears to be fairly well “meteorologically” controlled with a very weak solar influence. In summer, solar influence is somewhat stronger and dominates the weak “meteorological” influence, but the overall solar/meteorological control is weaker than in winter. In autumn we find the weakest overall solar/meteorological control, local effects evidently dominate. 相似文献
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大别造山带中镁铁质——超镁铁质岩石和榴辉岩有关问题的讨论 总被引:21,自引:3,他引:18
根据近年来积累的文献资料及研究讨论指出:(1)大别山造带镁铁质--超镁铁质岩石可分成两大类;一类以任家湾、童家冲、祝家铺道士冲、青山、沙河等辉石辉长岩类为代表,它们具有相同的牲和成岩年龄,可能与华北、华南地块聚敛碰产生的岛弧或大陆岩浆岩有关;另一类以铙拔寨,大化坪、碧溪岭和毛屋岩体为代表,虽然它们的成岩年龄均在前寒武纪,但却有着不同的成岩时代和成岩环境。(2)大别造山带榴辉岩等多属异地来源,具有不 相似文献
399.
U. Villante S. Lepidi P. Francia M. Vellante A. Meloni R. P. Lepping F. Mariani 《Annales Geophysicae》1999,17(4):490-496
Pc3 geomagnetic field fluctuations detected at low latitude (L’Aquila, Italy) during the passage of a high velocity solar wind stream, characterized by variable interplanetary magnetic field conditions, are analyzed. Higher frequency resonant fluctuations and lower frequency phenomena are simultaneously observed; the intermittent appearance and the variable frequency of the longer period modes can be well interpreted in terms of the variable IMF elements; moreover their polarization characteristics are consistent with an origin related to external waves propagating in antisunward direction. A comparison with simultaneous observations performed at Terra Nova Bay (Antarctica) provides additional evidence for a clear relationship between the IMF and Pc3 pulsations also at very high latitudes. 相似文献
400.
基于标志的人机工程学原则,对GB/T24362—2009中地震公共信息图形标志的有效性进行测试评估,结合理解率、熟悉度、物理相符性、概念相符性的测试数据,评估本标准中的标志符号是否符合国际标准化组织(ISO)评估标准,重点分析该标准中高理解率标志和低理解率标志的影响因素,探讨物理相符性、概念相符性和熟悉度影响标志理解率(P<0.001)的机制机理。通过对测试数据的研究发现,物理相符性和熟悉度是影响标志理解率的最大因素,进而得出提升标志的有效性首先要提高标志图形的物理相符性、概念相符性和熟悉度的结论。最后结合人机工程学原则对GB/T24362—2009中的部分理解率较低的标志进行分析,提出了具体的改良设计建议。 相似文献