北黄海西部全新统分布的初步认识

北黄海西部海区全新世沉积的研究是理解黄河泥沙向外海输运的过程、机制以及全新世期间黄河入海口在黄、渤海之间变迁的关键。然而，相对我国其他海区而言，北黄海的研究较少，尤其缺乏对全新世沉积分布的全面认识。本文根据１９９８年和１９９９年在北黄海进行的两个航次的浅地层剖面记录（图１），对北黄海西部海区的全新世沉积有如下几点初步认识： １）北黄海西部全新世沉积分布总体而言北薄南厚。沿辽东半岛一侧的海区，全新统极薄，厚度在１～２ｍ以内，浅地层剖面上无明显表现。向南侧海域，全新世沉积逐渐增厚，在近山东半岛一侧海区，最厚可达３０ｍ左右。     

Geochemistry Characteristics of Sediment and Provenance Relations of Sediments in Core NT1 of the South Yellow Sea

The contribution of substance from Yellow River, Yangtze River, and Korean rivers to the sedimentation of Yellow Sea is studied through geochemical analysis and through characterization of the source of the substance about sediment from Core NT1 among the lutaceous area in Central South Yellow Sea. The research finds out that the sediment in Core NT1 mainly comes from Yangtze River and Yellow River, the sediment between 0-7.70 m in upper Core NT1 mainly belongs to Yangtze River source; the sediments between 7.70-16.60 m and 42.0-54.80 m in middle Core NT1 are mainly from Yellow River, the 26 m thick sediment interlayer in it mainly comes from Yangtze River; and the sediment between 54.80-69.76 m in the bottom of Core NT1 is mainly from Yangtze River. The results demonstrate that Yangtze River has been playing a main role in the lutaceous area in the Central South Yellow Sea since early Late Pleistocene, and Yellow River started to influence the continental sedimentation of Yellow Sea from early Warm Glaciation of late Late Pleistocene.     

东海北部和黄海南部小黄鱼年龄与生长的研究

采用2002年11月~2003年10月在东海北部、黄海南部(31°N~34°N,126°E以西)所获取的小黄鱼渔获样品,合计采集1 064尾,通过每月对小黄鱼鳞片生长轮的观察和基础生物学测定,研究了小黄鱼的年龄和生长,并对渔业生物学状况进行了动态分析。结果表明:东海北部、黄海南部小黄鱼的体长范围在75~220mm,平均体长为135.42mm;年龄组成为当龄鱼~4龄鱼,共5个年龄序列,并以当龄鱼和1龄鱼为主,占81.39%,1~4轮组的年轮形成时间为2~6月;体长与体重的关系雌雄间无明显差异;Von Bertalanffy生长参数在性别方面无显著性差异,雌雄合并估算的L∞=233.23mm,K=0.29/a,t0=-1.4a。分析和比较了东海北部、黄海南部小黄鱼的渔业生物学历史状况,目前小黄鱼较以往任何年代渔获个体小型化、低龄化现象明显;小黄鱼个体生长速度较20世纪80年代变慢,低年龄段的个体生长速度较20世纪90年代加快,生长参数随资源状况的变化而发生了较大变化。     

Effects of spatio-temporal and environmental factors on distribution and abundance of wintering anchovy Engraulis japonicus in central and southern Yellow Sea

We investigated the spatio-temporal and environmental factors that affect the distribution and abundance of wintering anchovy and quantifi es the infl uences of these factors. Generalized additive models(GAMs) were developed to examine the variation in species distribution and abundance with a set of spatiotemporal and oceanographic factors, using data collected by bottom trawl surveys and remote sensing in the central and southern Yellow Sea during 2000–2011. The fi nal model accounted for 28.21% and 41.03% of the variance in anchovy distribution and abundance, respectively. The results of a two-step GAM showed that hour, longitude, latitude, temperature gradient(TGR), and chlorophyll a(Chl- a) concentration best explained the anchovy distribution(presence/absence) and that a model including year, longitude, latitude, depth, sea surface temperature(SST), and TGR best described anchovy abundance(given presence). Longitude and latitude were the most important factors affecting both distribution and abundance, but the area of high abundance tended to be east and south of the area where anchovy were most likely to be present. Hour had a signifi cant effect on distribution, but year was more important for anchovy abundance, indicating that the anchovy catch ratio varied across the day but abundance had an apparent interannual variation. With respect to environmental factors, TGR and Chl- a concentration had effects on distribution, while depth, SST, and TGR affected abundance. Changes in SST between two successive years or between any year and the 2000–2011 mean were not associated with changes in anchovy distribution or abundance. This fi nding indicated that short- and long-term water temperature changes during 2000–2011 were not of suffi cient magnitude to give rise to variation in wintering anchovy distribution or abundance in the study area. The results of this study have important implications for fi sheries management.     

江苏沿岸辐射沙脊物源分析——来自碎屑重矿物与锆石年代学的证据

辐射沙脊是分布在我国江苏沿岸南黄海浅海内陆架上的一种特殊地貌,其沉积物质来源一直广受关注。通过原位微区X荧光光谱分析、重矿物统计学以及碎屑锆石年代学等方法,对江苏沿岸辐射沙脊开展物源分析。结果表明辐射沙脊的重矿物组合为角闪石—绿帘石—铁氧化物,并且角闪石为绝对优势矿物（平均含量55.06%）,其含量远大于绿帘石（平均含量20.71%）。这与长江中重矿物特征相似（角闪石平均含量46.05%,绿帘石平均含量24.69%）。碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄显示出了5个主要的年龄区间及峰值,依次为160~330 Ma（占22.89%,峰值为~200 Ma）;350~550 Ma（占18.61%,峰值为~430 Ma）;650~1 200 Ma（占29.32%,峰值为~750 Ma）;1 700~2 000 Ma（占10.58%,峰值为~1 850 Ma）和2 400~2 600 Ma（占5.09%,峰值为~2 500 Ma）。结合重矿物组分数据和锆石年龄谱分析,并与各潜在源区进行对比,认为辐射沙脊的碎屑重矿物特征以及锆石年龄与长江最为相近,指示长江作为辐射沙脊最主要的物质源区。此外,古黄河三角洲的沉积物显示出对江苏沿岸北部沙脊沉积具有一定的影响,而现代黄河可能对辐射沙脊最北缘提供了沉积物质,该物源分析结果反映了南黄海的海流系统在辐射沙脊搬运沉积体系中起到重要作用。     

南黄海NT1孔沉积物稀土元素组成与物源判别

为研究黄河、长江以及韩国河流输运的大陆物质对南黄海沉积的贡献,对南黄海中部泥质区NT1孔沉积物做了稀土元素分析和物源判别。研究发现,南黄海NT1孔沉积物物源主要为长江源和黄河源,NT1孔上部0—7．70m沉积物以长江源为主,中部7．70．16．60m和40．00～50．70m沉积物以黄河源为主,其间夹近24m厚的沉积物则以长江源为主,底部50．70～69．76m沉积物以长江源为主。结果表明,长江从晚更新世早期到现代对南黄海中部泥质区沉积起着主要作用,而黄河则在晚更新世晚期的早玉木冰期时已开始对南黄海陆架沉积作用有明显影响。     

南黄海海州湾外侧钙质结核特征及其成因的研究

南黄海海州湾外侧海底残留砂中分布着大量的钙质结核,我们通过对钙质结核多方面的研究,基本查清其分布规律、形态特征、物质组成、结构构造。并证明钙质结核为晚更新世晚玉木冰期海退时,海底逐渐成陆后,在较寒冷干燥的气候条件下,由地表淡水渗透淋溶及毛细管作用而形成。冰后期海进过程中,再由海水不断侵蚀作用而裸露海底,并逐渐被海水所淹没。因此钙质结核应属陆相蒸发岩类,其形成时间大约距今25000～15000年之间。     

东海、黄海近代沉积物中生物硅含量的分布及其反演潜力

以东海、黄海2006年4月、10月航次采集的沉积物样品为研究对象,结合沉积物中生物硅(BSi)含量的空间分布特征进而讨论BSi的反演潜力。研究发现,调查海域表层沉积物中BSi的含量介于0.018%~2.516%,平均值为0.726%,柱状沉积物中BSi的含量波动较小,相对稳定。整体而言BSi含量与相应年代的浮游植物现存量变化的趋势相近。经一元线性分析发现BSi含量与硅藻生物量的相关性显著。为进一步证实由BSi含量反演古生产力的有效性和可信度,采用Tun-nicliffe等的方法探讨了BSi含量在沉积物中的稳定性,调查结果表明,近150 a来BSi几乎没有降解,能够稳定地保存于沉积物中。综上可以初步判断沉积物中BSi含量可作为古生产力指标来反演古生产力的潜力。