基于模板匹配法的长乐雷达强超折射回波识别

我国有许多新一代天气雷达架设在高山上,由于海拔高度较高,加上地球曲率的影响,在使用VCP11/VCP21模式探测时,造成较大的探测盲区,对低层降水回波的探测能力严重不足。长乐新一代天气雷达经过调整观测模式后,采用负仰角扫描有利于中小尺度灾害性天气系统的监测和预警,但同时会带来地物回波增强、海浪回波及超折射等负面效应。基于此,通过大量个例统计并分析长乐雷达在特定大气条件下的强超折射回波特征,借助模式识别理论提出了一个新方法"模板匹配法"识别强超折射回波。利用大量强超折射回波数据的检验和分析,结果表明该方法能够在不影响负仰角扫描模式下有效滤除长乐雷达的强超折射回波。目前该方法正在试运行,即将应用到中国新一代天气雷达建设业务软件系统开发ROSE项目中。     

Topographic controls on alpine treeline patterns on Changbai Mountain,China

The control mechanisms of topography on alpine treeline pattern are critical to understanding treeline dynamics and future changes. These mechanisms have not been understood quite well enough because of increasing human disturbance and low data resolution. In this study, the relationship between the treeline pattern and topography was analyzed based on high spatial resolution remote sensing data and a digital elevation model in an area in Changbai Mountain with little human disturbance. Future treeline patterns were also predicted. The results showed that(a) aspects with high solar radiation and low snow cover have a high coverage rate of trees,(b) the peak coverage rate of trees switches from low slopes(5°) to medium slopes(5°~25°) as the elevation rises because of the extreme environment,(c) the coverage rate of trees is a function that depends on environmental factors controlled by topography,(d) the future treeline pattern is controlled by new temperature mechanisms, new environmental factors and the reallocation effect of topography. Our research implies that topography controls the treeline pattern and changes in the treeline pattern associated with global warming, due to the effect of global warming on environmental factors. This study may well explain the causes of heterogeneous changes in the treeline pattern in the horizontal direction as well as differences in treeline response to climate warming.     

Livelihood diversification as an adaptation approach to change in the pastoral Hindu-Kush Himalayan region

Migratory livestock raising has been one of the most important livelihood options for people residing in high mountain areas and has made a significant contribution to the economy of the Hindu Kush Himalayan（HKH） region, both in terms of supporting households and in export earnings. However, in recent decades, changes in the socioeconomic situation and increasing climate variability have led to a need to enhance adaptation by building the resilience of local socio-ecological systems, including economic diversification and sustainable management of natural resources. Based on semistructured interviews with pastoral communities in six countries within the pastoral HKH region, this paper discusses the situation, trends and driving forces behind the diversification of pastoral livelihood. For internal diversification the study highlights the need for enhancement of pastoral livelihoods through value-adding activities in the pastoral sectors. For external diversification changes on policy changes are needed to support free out-migration, market exploitation, and multiple resource use. Finally the paper highlights the role of education in determining household adaptation strategies in the face of various socio-ecological pressures and recommends integrating innovative and indigenous knowledge to develop appropriate methods for risk management and resource management in the pastoral HKH region.     

藏东南：高山深谷中的秘境

藏东南,一片神奇壮丽的土地。喜马拉雅山和念青唐古拉山在此相遇,世界海拔最高的大河一雅鲁藏布江,在南迦巴瓦山脚下切割出地球上最深、最长、最曲折的峡谷。这里是山的海洋,冰川的故乡,高原植物的宝库。     

联系生活实际 分析气象谚语

正在我们的印象中,高山地区往往容易下雪,而地势低洼的地方则容易下霜。这就是我们通常所说的"雪打山头霜打洼"。这到底是为什么呢?下面我们就来分析一下这个有趣的现象。气温是随海拔升高而降低的,每升高1000米气温下降6.5℃。按照这样的垂直递减率计算,如果地面温度为20℃,相对高度为3000米以上的山顶的气温可降     

高山冰川

是指发育于山区、形态深受地形限制的冰川。多分布在中、低纬度山地区域。其特点：规模较小、雪线较高,积累区不大,补给区和消融区界限明显,冰川以重力流方式向下运动．运动速度和能量较大,冰蚀作用强。分布在山地的不同部位,形成多种类型．如冰斗冰川、悬冰川、山谷冰川、山麓冰川等。中国是中纬度山岳冰川最多的国家。喀喇昆仓山是中．低纬度地带最大的山岳冰川区。     

西藏高原湿地掠影之九:东久河

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大兴安岭焰山、高山火山——一种新的火山喷发型式

在野外地质资料基础上,利用火山形态学方法,探讨了大兴安岭焰山、高山火山的喷发型式。结果表明,大兴安岭哈拉哈河-绰尔河火山群中的焰山和高山火山不同于斯通博利式喷发形成的火山,其早期爆破喷发的火山碎屑形成火山渣锥、空降火山碎屑席和小型火山碎屑流,晚期溢出大量熔岩。两火山具有较高大的锥体(标高200～300m以上),在结构上,松散火山砾、火山弹等构成下部的降落锥,熔结集块岩构成上部的溅落锥。由火山砾和火山灰组成的空降火山碎屑席分布在火山锥体周围。两火山溢出的熔岩经历了从结壳熔岩→翻花石→渣状熔岩的演变。根据喷发产物可推断焰山和高山火山具有以下喷发特征:爆破喷发形成持续的喷发柱→斯通博利式喷发→熔岩喷泉喷溢,其中以持续时间较长的喷发柱区别于典型的斯通博利式喷发。类似焰山、高山火山的喷发特征,在龙岗第四纪火山群、镜泊湖全新世火山群中也都有个例,这是中国大陆火山作用中一种新的喷发型式。     

高山峡谷区1:50000地质填图技术方法探索与实践——以新疆乌什北山为例

新疆乌什北山填图试点项目充分发挥遥感技术的先导作用,探索1:50000高山峡谷区填图方法。不同分辨率遥感数据在岩性、构造解译等方面的差异表明多源遥感数据综合解译能有效提高解译程度。研究认为同一遥感数据最佳波段组合图像、Landsat-8和Worldview-2数据协同图像增强了对岩性和构造识别的能力。高光谱遥感矿物填图和岩性分类、基于ASTER热红外遥感数据的岩石化学成分填图等是高山峡谷区填图有效技术方法。利用ETM和ASTER数据开展矿化蚀变信息提取,结果表明ASTER较ETM数据在铁染异常、羟基异常等提取方面具有更大的优势。分析认为多元信息综合预测是区域找矿的重要途径。根据乌什北山地质地貌特征,选择其中有效技术方法或技术方法组合开展1:50000地质填图,结果显示在减少剖面测制和路线地质调查数量的同时,达到了填图精度,并取得了若干重要研究成果,为区域构造演化和成矿规律分析总结提供了资料支撑。      

忆夏日哈木

高山中有我们的身影,峻岭上我们勇往直前,沟壑中我们不停穿梭,河流上我们奋勇漂泊。荒漠里留下的足迹是我们书写的故事,山顶上动听的"花儿"是我们难忘的记忆。——题记初见夏日哈木今年5月4日是一个令人兴奋的日子,我们从西宁出发,一路驱车前往大漠之中的夏日哈木。大漠对于每一个人来说它都是神秘的,刚刚参加工作的我更是迫不及待的想要揭开它的面纱。汽车沿西北方向一路行驶,窗外的景色由绿变为了淡绿,再由淡绿变成了黄绿,