高山多年冻土分布模型与制图研究进展

人类活动及各种工程措施的实施加速了高山多年冻土领域的相关研究,多年冻土的分布与制图成为该领域的研究热点之一.对该领域内的冻土勘察方法、冻土模型的建立、冻土分布模拟与制图等国内外研究现状进行了回顾和总结,高山多年冻土模型无论是经验统计模型,还是过程模型,都是基于对实地高山多年冻土分布状况的一种近似模拟,因而,或多或少的存在一定的误差,模型的好坏在于所绘制的高山多年冻土图与冻土实际分布状况的吻合程度.从各种高山冻土模型与制图的发展过程来看,高山多年冻土模型与制图的未来研究呈现出多元化研究和细化研究的趋势.     

国内外高山林线研究综述

高山林线作为山地郁闭林和高山草甸的分界在山地生态系统中占有重要地位。以往对山地生态的研究远少于对其它类型陆地生态系统的研究,高山林线方面的研究就更为缺乏。讨论了高山林线的概念和内容,对国内外高山林线研究及特点作了简单回顾,指出高山林线的研究意义及在我国开展此项研究的初步方案。     

高分辨率遥感图像几何精校正在高山峡谷区1:5万地质填图中的应用

高山峡谷区海拔高、切割深,穿越条件极差,借助高分辨率遥感图像开展1:5万区域地质填图工作具有非常重要的意义.然而市场购置的遥感图像产品与实地位置信息和地形图等工作底图不匹配,其几何精度严重制约地质填图野外调查工作.为解决这一现实问题,采用高分辨率遥感图像SPOT7,以青藏高原柴达木盆地北缘赛什腾山为例开展研究,提出一套...     

泸水市增强型不透水面指数的时空演变分析

针对边境地区的贫困县在我国扶贫攻坚政策的推进和“一带一路”合作倡议的实施下快速发展这一现象,该文以毗临边境的怒江傈僳族州泸水市为研究区,利用增强型不透水面指数(ENDISI)对泸水市2013—2021年不透水面进行了提取并对其时空演变进行了分析。结果表明：(1)ENDISI指数可以较好地实现对高山峡谷地区的不透水面提取;(2)在2013—2021年,泸水市不透水面共增长了60.18%,实现了较大幅度增长,其下辖各乡镇不透水面均有显著增长;(3)通过标准差椭圆分析,泸水市不透水面扩张主要沿怒江沿线扩张,且具有明显的方向性。     

Altitudinal levels and altitudinal limits in high mountains

In lowlands climate-specific processes due to weathering and erosion are dominant, whilst the geomorphology of mountains is dependent on the geologic-tectonic structure, i.e., the energy of erosion that increases according to the vertical. The expression "extremely high mountains" has been established as the extreme of a continuous mountain classification. It has to be understood in terms of geomorphology, glaciology and vegetation. Correspondence of the planetary and hypsometric change of forms is of great value as synthetic explanation. It is confirmed with regard to vegetation, periglacial geomorphology and glaciology. Due to the world-wide reconstruction of the snowline its paleoclimatic importance increases, too. Apart from lower limits the periglacial and glacial altitudinal levels also show zones of optimum development and climatic upper limits in the highest mountains of the earth. According to the proportion of the altitudinal levels a classification as to arid, temperate and humid high mountains has been carried out.     

Alpine Ecosystems of Northwest Yunnan, China： an Initial Assessment for Conservation

Implementing conservation actions on-the-ground is not a straightforward process,especially when faced with high scientific uncertainty due to limited available information. This is especially acute in regions of the world that harbor many unique species that have not been well studied,such as the alpine zone of the Hengduan Mountains of Northwest Yunnan (NWY),a global biodiversity hotspot and site of The Nature Conservancy’s Yunnan Great Rivers Project. We conducted a quantitative,but rapid regional-level assessment of the alpine flora across NWY to provide a broad-based understanding of local and regional patterns of the alpine flora,the first large-scale analysis of alpine biodiversity patterns in this region. Multivariate analyses were used to classify the major plant community types and link community patterns to habitat variables. Our analysis indicated that most species had small distributions and/or small population sizes. Strong patterns emerged with higher diversity in the more northern mountains,but beta diversity was high,averaging only 10% among sites. The ordinations indicated that elevation and geographic location were the dominant environ-mental gradients underlying the differences in the species composition among communities. The high beta diversity across the alpine of these mountains implies that conservation strategies ultimately will require the protection of large numbers of species over a large geographical area. However,prioritiza-tion should be given to areas where potential payoffs are greatest. Sites with high species richness also have a greater number of endemic species,and,by focusing efforts on these sites,conservation investments would be maximized by protecting the greatest number of unique species.     

New Finds of Late Cenozoic Vertebrates

正 INTRODUCTION In recent years many Cenozoic fossil vertebrates have been discovered at widely scattered localities. In a previous paper [10] we have already given a     

二连盆地巴彦乌拉地区砂岩型铀矿含矿地层时代与古地理环境探讨

二连盆地砂岩型铀矿含矿层是一套以河流、沼泽相沉积为主的粗碎屑岩系,含丰富的孢粉化石.目前,该地区含矿地层的时代存在争论.本文通过对巴彦乌拉地区含矿地层中孢粉的综合研究,主要侧重孢子和花粉在地层中的分布特征及国内外孢粉组合的比较,确定其时代为早白垩世晚期的阿普第-阿尔必期,沉积时期为温暖潮湿的亚热带气候,且有向半潮湿、半干热的方向发展的趋势.古地理环境以低平、丘陵地势为主,盆地周围有少量中、高山分布.     

Response of Glacier and Lake Covariations to Climate Change in Mapam Yumco Basin on Tibetan Plateau during 1974–2003

The study of spatial and temporal covariances of glaciers and lakes would help us to understand the impact of climate change within a basin in Tibet. This study focuses on glacier and lake variations in the Mapam Yumco(玛旁雍错)Basin (covering 7 786.44 km2)by Integrationg series of spatial data from topographic maps and digital satellite images at four different times 1974, 1990, 1999,and 2003. The results indicate that (1) decreased lakes, retreated glaciers, enlarged lakes and advanced glaciers co-exist in the basin during the last 30 years; (2) glacier recession was accelerated in recent years due to the warmer climate; (3) lake areas in the basin are both reduced and enlarged by an accelerated speed with more water supplies from speeding melt glaciers or frozen ground in the last three decades.     

论青藏高原苔原——成因、分布与分类的研究

通过分析青藏高原形成苔原的综合因素,论证了高原边缘高山和高原本体都发育有苔原,是全球中纬度独特的大陆苔原带.在划分高山苔原与山原苔原的基础上,将山原苔原进一步划分为湿地苔原、草甸苔原、草原苔原和荒漠苔原等4类,丰富了全球苔原结构.阐明青藏高原既有区域环境的独特性,也有适应全球地带性规律的统一性,使高原自然地带的定位更为准确,也有益于高原环境垂直带理论的完善.