Alpine Ecosystems of Northwest Yunnan, China： an Initial Assessment for Conservation

Implementing conservation actions on-the-ground is not a straightforward process,especially when faced with high scientific uncertainty due to limited available information. This is especially acute in regions of the world that harbor many unique species that have not been well studied,such as the alpine zone of the Hengduan Mountains of Northwest Yunnan (NWY),a global biodiversity hotspot and site of The Nature Conservancy’s Yunnan Great Rivers Project. We conducted a quantitative,but rapid regional-level assessment of the alpine flora across NWY to provide a broad-based understanding of local and regional patterns of the alpine flora,the first large-scale analysis of alpine biodiversity patterns in this region. Multivariate analyses were used to classify the major plant community types and link community patterns to habitat variables. Our analysis indicated that most species had small distributions and/or small population sizes. Strong patterns emerged with higher diversity in the more northern mountains,but beta diversity was high,averaging only 10% among sites. The ordinations indicated that elevation and geographic location were the dominant environ-mental gradients underlying the differences in the species composition among communities. The high beta diversity across the alpine of these mountains implies that conservation strategies ultimately will require the protection of large numbers of species over a large geographical area. However,prioritiza-tion should be given to areas where potential payoffs are greatest. Sites with high species richness also have a greater number of endemic species,and,by focusing efforts on these sites,conservation investments would be maximized by protecting the greatest number of unique species.     

Altitudinal Levels and Altitudinal Limits in High Mountains

In lowlands climate-specific processes due to weathering and erosion are dominant, whilst the geomorphology of mountains is dependent on the geologic-tectonic structure, i.e., the energy of erosion that increases according to the vertical. The expression "extremely high mountains" has been established as the extreme of a continuous mountain classification. It has to be understood in terms of geomorphology, glaciology and vegetation. Correspondence of the planetary and hypsometric change of forms is of great value as synthetic explanation. It is confirmed with regard to vegetation, periglacial geomorphology and glaciology. Due to the world-wide reconstruction of the snowline its paleoclimatic importance increases, too. Apart from lower limits the periglacial and glacial altitudinal levels also show zones of optimum development and climatic upper limits in the highest mountains of the earth. According to the proportion of the altitudinal levels a classification as to arid, temperate and humid high mountains has been carried out.     

关于经纬度位置的教学

地理环境具有区域差异性，包括从赤道到极地，从沿海到内陆的差异，以及高山地区垂直方向上的差异。地理位置（纬度位置、海陆位置）决定了地理环境，地理环境又影响了人们利用自然、改造自然的活动，决定农业、工业、交通运输、人口与城市分布等社会经济活动的特点。因此，在地理学科中，地理位置的判断是解决问题的关键。     

江西三清山花岗岩景观地貌的基本特征及其形成历史

三清山花岗岩体形成于燕山晚期，岩体侵位定位后又经历了大约50Ma的侵蚀和剥蚀，将上覆5000m的地层搬到南北两侧的断陷盆地中，形成白垩纪红色砂岩和砂砾岩地层，花岗岩体便出露地表。又经过大约50～60Ma的构造演化和地貌演变形成了目前海拔1000～1800m的玉京峰期壮年地面和1200～1300m的怀玉山期壮年地面。至距今2．4Ma以前的上新世，在这两期古地面上曾先后发育了红色风化壳。红色风化壳的底部形成了众多的石蛋。进入更新世，随着地壳的强列抬升和气候变冷，冰冻风化、块体运动和流水侵蚀，古地面上的沟谷迅速向下侵蚀，古地面受到切割、破坏，风化壳也被侵蚀掉，形成深切峡谷、悬崖峭壁和柱、峰林立的景观，在柱、峰顶部残存着一些花岗岩石蛋。这种海拔超过1500m，相对高差超过1000m的高山地貌巍为壮观，石柱、尖峰显得十分秀丽，这就是三清山式地貌——高山尖峰地貌的特色，是提供旅人欣赏的主要花岗岩景观地貌，也是需要人们切实保护的重要地质遗迹。     

Digital Spectra and Analysis of Altitudinal Belts in Tianshan Mountains, China

Based on the framework of the geo-info spectra of montane altitudinal belts, this paper firstly reviews six classification systems for the spectra of mountain altitudinal belts in China and considers that detailed regional study of altitudinal belts is the key for reaching standardization and systemization of mountain altitudinal belts. Only can this further identify and resolve problems with the study of altitudinal belts. The factors forming the spectra of altitudinal belts are analyzed in the Tianshan Mountains of China, and a digital altitudinal belt system is constructed for the northern flank, southern flank, the heartland, and Ili valley in the west. The characteristics of each belt are revealed with a summarization of the pattern of areal differentiation of altitudinal belts.     

福建省城市城区和郊区及高山酸雨观测的对比分析

以2002～2003年福建省14个城市和1个高山的酸雨监测数据为基础,结合850hPa高度上的风场资料,探讨了各城市城区和郊区及高山在不同条件下的酸雨污染状况,结果表明2003年福建省低层大气的降水为酸性.多数城市城区和郊区酸雨污染程度差异较大,城区降水酸度主要由局地污染源的化学属性所决定,郊区酸雨污染是外来污染源影响的结果;九仙山酸雨污染基本不受季节变化的影响,而多数城市受四季气象条件变化的影响;高空风向变化影响城市城区和郊区降水的酸碱性,而城市城区和郊区降水酸度的差异与局地污染源所处的位置有关.     

InSAR用于高山峡谷区滑坡监测的适用性

针对升降轨Sentinel-1A数据获取的得荣县古学乡2个大型滑坡形变特征不一致的问题,利用R指数、敏感性和相干性等参数,开展InSAR技术用于该地区滑坡监测的适用性研究。结果表明,降轨数据比升轨数据更适合2处大型滑坡的识别与监测,并很好地解释了升降轨滑坡监测结果不一致的原因。对2个滑坡进行时间序列形变分析及多维形变特征分解,结果表明,2个滑坡在2019～2020年累积形变量最大值分别约为300 mm和230 mm,需加强关注。     

外部冲击下台资产业的战略耦合与本地发展韧性——来自永福高山茶产业的实证

区域经济韧性是经济地理学的热门议题,但对于区域经济的重要构成——境外投资产业在地方的发展韧性却鲜有关注。基于战略耦合视角,将境外投资发展韧性概念化为一种“关系韧性”,提出一种理解和分析境外投资发展韧性差异的方法。通过对漳平永福台资高山茶产业的实地调研和深度访谈,分析永福台资高山茶产业应对外部冲击关键时刻的路径演化与耦合重构。结果显示：产业发展初期对大陆消费市场的忽视,致使永福台资高山茶产业缺乏对于疫情及台湾当局贸易封锁等外部需求冲击的抵抗能力,韧性较差;外部冲击下,永福台资高山茶产业被迫与海外网络脱钩,重新进行价值捕获与提升,而两岸各领域融合发展的国家政策主张则为其提供了耦合重构的“机会窗口”,永福台资高山茶产业的战略耦合模式由外向型战略耦合重构转变为以企业为主导、地方为基础跟随于国家发展政策主张的本土化耦合。在耦合重构过程中高山茶企业的空间粘性升高,根植动机更加充分,退出概率降低,耦合模式的转变促进了其韧性建立;永福台资高山茶产业在经历外部冲击后的实质性耦合重配和定位响应了国家两岸各领域融合发展的政策主张,在终端市场切换和衍生新产业方面获得战略耦合机构的支持。战略耦合视角能结合境外投...     

麦金利山高实在是高巍峨雄伟的高山

麦金利山位于美国迪纳利国家公园和自然保护区内,高6194米,是北美洲的最高峰,也是美国的最高峰,以美国第二十五届总统威廉·麦金利的姓氏命名。