不同海区石英悬浮体颗粒表面微结构特征及其成因

悬浮石英颗粒表面在不同的水动力环境中会形成一些特有的表面结构,对这些特点的研究有助于理解微小颗粒在水中的行为以及沉积环境的变化。基于对在不同海区采取表层和不同深度的悬浮石英颗粒表面结构的扫描电镜的观察,发现在水动力较强的南海海域石英颗粒表面大多呈现出机械作用成因的结构,化学溶蚀痕迹不明显;马六甲海峡、孟加拉湾南部海域、阿拉伯海东部海域站位石英颗粒表面开始出现明显的化学溶蚀痕迹,为机械-化学溶蚀作用的结果;莫克兰海沟站位表层样品石英颗粒表面化学溶蚀作用强烈,随着深度的增加,溶蚀作用减弱,200m水深以下,石英颗粒表面的结构主要为机械-化学溶蚀作用的结果。中国南海西南部3号站位、马六甲海峡北部7号站位以及孟加拉湾南部的11号站位的表层石英悬浮体颗粒较大,可以达到10μm左右,大于其他海区的石英颗粒(3～4μm)。研究海区海水中悬浮体石英颗粒大都呈现棱角状,表现为近源沉积,偶尔可见磨圆度较好且表面有新月形撞击坑,推测可能为风尘沉积。     

利用Adobe Photoshop对悬沙颗粒图像预处理

利用光学悬浮沙粒径谱仪现场拍摄的悬沙颗粒图像具有两个特点:1、边缘亮度不均匀:2、边缘不清晰。为了测量颗粒粒径,需要做边缘提取。由于悬沙颗粒的上述两个特点,二值化后的颗粒图像容易产生边缘失真和边缘不闭合现象,为了解决这个问题,文中介绍利用Adobe Photoshop对悬沙颗粒的预处理。     

五种双壳贝类贝壳微观结构观察与成分分析

利用扫描电镜技术、X-射线粉末衍射技术和弱酸去钙法,对菲律宾蛤仔、文蛤、厚壳贻贝、泥蚶、缢蛏5种习见海洋经济贝类贝壳的断面微观结构、物相组成、有机基质和蛋白质含量等进行了观察和分析。电镜观察结果显示, 5种贝壳的微观结构主要包含棱柱层和珍珠层;棱柱层晶体结构有斜棱柱层、球棱柱层、棱柱层、均质层和交错板状层5种类型,其中缢蛏只有斜棱柱层,而泥蚶除球棱柱层外,其他4种晶体类型均存在,此复杂结构可能与其贝壳强度大有关;珍珠层晶体结构有珍珠层和肌棱柱层2种类型,其中厚壳贻贝的珍珠层呈典型的“砖-泥”结构,具有明显的层状结构,其余4种贝壳珍珠层均由不规则块状结构组成。X-射线衍射结果显示,菲律宾蛤仔、文蛤、缢蛏和泥蚶4种贝壳都属于文石质壳体,无机相几乎由文石组成,而厚壳贻贝属于混合质壳体,无机相由文石和方解石组成;贝壳化学成分分析显示,5种贝壳有机质含量均为3%左右,而总蛋白含量占有机质的2.98%～7.21%,其中可溶性蛋白是不可溶蛋白含量的5.55～20.31倍。上述结果为贝壳形成机理的研究积累了基础资料。     

川中地区中二叠统栖霞组滩控岩溶型白云岩储层特征及主控因素

四川盆地中部地区栖霞组的白云岩是该区主要储层,储层成因的主流观点是热液白云岩化.目前勘探实践发现,优质储渗体形成与早期相控岩溶作用有关.通过取芯及测录井资料进行了详细分析,研究结果表明,该类白云岩储层主要位于栖霞组中上部颗粒滩发育的地层中,按其宏微观产出状态可分为溶斑状云岩、溶洞充填云岩、针孔状基质云岩和致密基质云岩....     

沂水南小尧金矿锆石U-Pb同位素特征及其地质意义

沂水南小尧金矿产于沂沐断裂带汞丹山凸起上,赋矿围岩为古元古代花岗岩。通过对南小尧金矿矿石中的锆石采用LA—CPMS法进行单颗粒锆石微区U—Pb同位素年龄测定,获得锆石谐和年龄（2438±13）Ma的结果,为赋矿围岩的形成年龄;而下交点（116±20）Ma大致为金矿的形成年龄。结合南小尧金矿石中钾长石矿物K—Ar年龄为（94．29±1．38）Ma的结果分析。本区金矿的形成时代应在早白垩世中-晚期。     

斜带髭鲷后肠、头肾和脾脏中肥大细胞超微结构观察

应用电镜技术研究了斜带髭鲷的后肠、头肾及脾脏中肥大细胞的超微结构。结果显示:在所研究的器官组织中均发现有肥大细胞,但以后肠和头肾分布较多;这些肥大细胞的表面具有胞质突起或表面折叠。根据其特征性胞浆颗粒所含特殊亚结构的不同,可初步认为斜带髭鲷肥大细胞可能存在Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型两种亚型。Ⅰ型肥大细胞主要分布于后肠粘膜固有层、粘膜下层和头肾的结缔组织中,其特征性胞浆颗粒具有微粒样特殊亚结构;Ⅱ型肥大细胞仅分布于头肾和脾脏的结缔组织中,其特征性胞浆颗粒则具有漩涡样、线团样、蜂巢样、细粒状、无定形和混合型等多种晶格状特殊亚结构。同时,这两种亚型肥大细胞均存在脱颗粒现象。由观察结果可知,斜带髭鲷后肠、头肾及脾脏中存在大量的肥大细胞,并且其特征性胞浆颗粒具有精细的特殊亚结构。     

活性污泥和颗粒污泥生物吸附废水中Pb~(2+)的对比研究

采用序批式实验,分别以活性污泥和颗粒污泥为吸附材料,考察接触时间、pH等因素对废水中Pb2+生物吸附效果的影响.结果表明,活性污泥和颗粒污泥对低浓度Pb2+(0～20 mg/L)能在30 min内达到吸附平衡,当Pb2+浓度在20～100 mg/L时,浓度越低,达到平衡时间越快,以被动吸附为主.在Pb2+低浓度条件下(0～20 mg/L),初始pH为4～5时,Pb2+的去除率达99%以上,且初始pH值是影响活性污泥和颗粒污泥生物吸附Pb2+的重要因素.活性污泥和颗粒污泥对Pb2+的生物吸附符合朗缪尔(Langmuir)方程,在pH为4及25 ℃下,活性污泥饱和吸附量为59.88 mg/g,颗粒污泥饱和吸附量为80.65 mg/g.因此,活性污泥和颗粒污泥可作为有效的生物吸附剂处理低浓度(0～20 mg/L)含铅废水,且颗粒污泥比活性污泥的生物吸附效果好.     

Water, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus contents in sediment of a large-scale mariculture area in the Zhelin Bay of eastern Guangdong Province, China

The Zhelin Bay is one of the most important bays for large-scale mariculture in Guangdong Province, China. Owing to the increasing human population and the expanding mariculture in the last two decades, the ecological environment has greatly changed with frequent harmful algal blooms. A monthly survey of water content, organic matter （TOM）, and various forms of nitrogen and phosphorous in sediment from July 2002 to July 2003 in the bay was conducted. The results showed that the water content was correlated significantly with TOM and various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus and can be used as proxy for quick and rough estimate of these factors in the future surveys. TOM was also correlated significantly with various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus, indicating that it was one of the key factors affecting the concentrations and distributions of nitrogen and phosphorus in the investigated waters. Average total Kjeldhal nitrogen （TkN） content was（ 1 113.1 ± 382.5）μg/g and average total phosphorus （TP） content was（567.2± 223.3）μg/g, and both were much higher than those of similar estuaries in China and elsewhere. Average nitrogen and phosphorus tended to be higher inside than outside the bay, higher at aquaculture than non-aquaculture areas, and higher at fish-cage culture than oyster culture areas, suggesting that large-scale mariculture inside the bay played an important role in the eutrophication of the Zhelin Bay. Various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were higher during the warm season （July--September）, which was due to the increased decomposition and concentration of organic matter resulted from the fast growth and high mortality of the cultured species. Compared with July 2002, TkN and TP contents were much higher in July 2003, in consonance with the eutrophication of the Zhelin Bay. Because exchangeable phosphorus （Ex-P）, iron-bounded phos- phorus （Fe-P） and organic phosphorus （OP） combined accounted for 34.3% of the TP and authigenic phosphorus （Au-P     

2004年夏季台湾浅滩及其邻近海域悬浮体成分与分布特征

本文根据2004年7月25日至8月10日在台湾浅滩及其邻近海域获取的悬浮体样品,采用了"微孔滤膜法"取得数据,利用偏光显微镜、体视显微镜和扫描电镜及能谱分析,结果表明:悬浮体含量在水平分布上为由近岸向外逐渐降低,总体上表层悬浮体含量高于底层;悬浮体的成分包括粗颗粒组份(它生矿物碎屑、自生矿物和生源碎屑)和细颗粒组份(无机矿物颗粒和超微生源颗粒),其中表层矿物碎屑分布特征为由岸向外递减,底层矿物碎屑则为近岸低、浅滩区高和浅滩外侧低;自生矿物和表层生源碎屑都具有自岸向外增加的特点;细颗粒组份中无机矿物颗粒为主,超微生源颗粒含量较少.研究区悬浮体分布受水文因素、物质来源及海底地形的影响,中国大陆陆源输入影响研究区悬浮体成分及其分布特征.     

Multivariate analysis of fluorescence and source identification of dissolved organic matter in Jiaozhou Bay, China

Hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) methods were used to assess the similarities and dissimilarities of the entire Excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs) data sets of samples collected from Jiaozhou Bay, China. The results demonstrate that multivariate analysis facilitates the complex data treatment and spectral sorting processes, and also enhances the probability to reveal otherwise hidden information concerning the chemical characteristics of the dissolved organic matter (DOM). The distribution of different water samples as revealed by multivariate results has been used to track the movement of DOM material in the study area, and the interpretation is supported by the results obtained from the numerical simulation model of substance tracing technique, which show that the substance discharged by Haibo River can be distributed in Jiaozhou Bay.