Technique for Controlling Spread of Limnotic Oncomelania

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease mostly found in areas along the Changjiang River of China. The disease is spread solely through an intermediary named oncomelania, so its spread of schistosomiasis can be controlled by properly designing water intakes which prevent oncomelania from entering farming land or residential areas. This paper reports a successful design process and a new oncomelania-free intake device. The design of the new intake is based on a sound research program in which extensive experimental studies were carried out to gain knowledge of oncomelania eco-hydraulic behavior and detailed flow field information through CFD simulation.     

FUZZY COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF CONTAINER TRANSPORTATION MODES ALONG THE CHANGJIANG RIVER MAIN LINE AND ITS DELTA AREA

The Changjiang River (Yangtze) is one of the fastest growth areas of container transportation in Chi-na. Rail, road and water transportation have competed against each other for container transportation in the Chang-jiang River main line and its delta area. It is of significance to assess these different transportation modes scientifi-cally in order to organize container transportation efficiently in this area and make decision for integral plan and construction of transportation system in this area. This paper outlines application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to appraise different modes of typical direction of containers. Twelve assessment indexes were decided. Membership functions were formulated. Evaluation results indicated that road transportation was optimal mode in the Changjiang River delta area, however water transportation was the primary way in the Changjiang River main line.     

EM技术在我国水环境保护中的应用研究进展

对EM技术在我国水环境保护中的应用情况进行了综述,重点介绍了EM技术应用于废水处理领域的研究进展,同时还展望了将来的应用及研究前景.     

长江三峡地区的构造应力场与地震活动

本文根据活动断裂的错动方式、白垩-第三纪红层变形和破裂的组合关系等资料,利用赤平投影作图求出各观测点主应力(σ_1、σ_2和σ_3)的参数,并结合震源机制和地壳形变测量数据,着重描述了喜马拉雅运动以来的构造应力场。结果表明:长江三峡(及邻区)各构造区域内σ_1轴向随时空而变化。按照“弹性回跳理论”和“Baushinger效应”分析了现今应力场的这种变化与地震活动的关系。提出构造应力场σ_1轴的长期变化,可以作为板内弱震活动区(带)的一种构造标志     

连续光源火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水悬浮液中的硅

1仪器及工作条件AAS novAA原子吸收光谱仪,分段流动注射SFS和50 mm燃烧头刮板;AAS contrAA高分辨率连续光源火焰原子吸收光谱仪。仪器工作条件为：测量波长251．611nm,狭缝宽度0．2 nm,火焰类型为N2O／C2H2,燃气流量255 L／h,燃烧头角度0°,燃烧头高度5 mm。2样品制备为保证悬浮液样品均匀,应将约0．5 g样品盛装容器封好后超声水浴10 min,然后立即转移至50 mL容量瓶中,用1 g／LKCl溶液(蒸馏水中)定容至刻度。各样品在测定前要充分摇匀。另外要留意Si浓度的降低(1 h后约减少14％)。3校准曲线的绘制标准曲线法：手工配制Si标准系列为1     

陆面过程中稳定水同位素逐日变化的数学模拟——引入稳定同位素效应的CLM实例分析

将稳定同位素效应引入CLM(Community Land Model),并对巴西马瑙斯站在平衡年的稳定水同位素的逐日变化进行模拟和分析.结果表明: 降水、水汽和地表径流中δ18O存在明显的季节变化,并与相应的水量存在显著的负相关关系,但凝结物中δ18O与地面凝结量存在显著的正相关关系,蒸发水汽中δ18O与蒸发量之间无显著的相关关系.受土壤贮水削峰功能的影响,表层土壤和根区水中δ18O的季节变化全无.植被层蒸发水汽中稳定同位素的丰度与大气的干湿程度存在密切联系: 当降水量少时,大气干燥,植被层的蒸发较少,植被蒸发中δ18O较高;当降水量较大时,空气湿润,植被层的蒸发量较大,蒸发中δ18O则较低.植被蒸腾中δ18O的变化与源区水体中δ18O的变化保持一致,尤其是与根区水中的δ18O.由于地下径流直接源自根区水的补充,因此,地下径流中δ18O等于根区水中的δ18O.模拟结果还显示,降水MWL (大气水线)的梯度项和常数项均比全球平均MWL略偏小.尽管主要来自降水的贡献,但地表径流和植被层水体的MWLs与降水MWL存在较大的差异,这一方面与两类水体在蒸发过程中的稳定同位素的富集作用有关,另一方面与CLM模拟的水量有关.大气水汽线与降水的MWL的梯度值相近,说明大气水汽与降水近似处于稳定同位素平衡状态.另外,模拟的地面的凝结线与植被层的凝结线均与全球大气水线相近,且具有非常高相关程度,说明CLM的模拟是合理的.     

人类活动对长江干流水沙关系的影响的分析

长江是我国的第一大河流,径流量和输沙量分别居世界第四位和第五位,其水沙关系的变化与河流生态系统的健康与稳定关系密切.近几十年来,由于受人类活动的影响,长江干流水沙特性在一定程度上发生了变化.本文利用宜昌、汉口、大通水文站50多年的日流量和日舍沙量资料,研究了三站水沙相关关系、水沙双累计关系、多年月平均径流量和输沙量的变化特性.研究表明长江干流水沙具有一定的相关关系,但受人类活动的影响不断发生着变化,导致水生生物生存环境的改变.