水文恢复与河蟹养殖对盐碱化沼泽芦苇种群有性生殖特征的影响

芦苇(Phragmites australis)是松嫩平原西部盐碱化沼泽植物群落的优势物种,恢复和扩大芦苇种群有利于松嫩平原西部生态脆弱区的保护和修复。与利用根状茎恢复方法相比,采集芦苇种子破坏性小、更易获取,但芦苇有性生殖能力弱,种子成熟率低。于2021年10月12日,在中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所松嫩平原西部盐碱湿地生态研究站的退化区、水文恢复区和养殖河蟹区,收割芦苇样品,测定芦苇的生长指标和有性生殖指标,分析水文恢复和河蟹养殖对芦苇有性生殖特征的影响。研究结果表明,河蟹养殖区和水文恢复区芦苇种群株高、穗长、抽穗数、抽穗率、单穗总花数和结实数的平均值都显著大于退化区(p<0.05),河蟹养殖区的芦苇种群株高和抽穗率的平均值显著大于水文恢复区(p<0.05);河蟹养殖区的芦苇种群密度平均值显著小于退化区(p<0.05);退化区芦苇种群穗的全碳和全氮含量平均值都显著小于水文恢复区和养殖河蟹区(p<0.05),碳氮比平均值显著大于水文恢复区和河蟹养殖区(p<0.05),退化区、水文恢复区和河蟹养殖区内芦苇种群茎叶的全碳、全氮含量以及碳氮比差异都不显著(...     

水分梯度下不同地理种群红砂叶片生理特征比较研究

 选取甘肃省不同地域的天然红砂种群进行叶片生理生化指标比较分析研究。结果表明：自东向西水分梯度递减条件下,不同地理种群叶片膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量增多,同时伴随着超氧物自由基(O-·2)的产生速率提高,相应诱导了SOD、POD和CAT酶活性升高,渗透调节物质脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量增加,但酒泉点SOD、POD和CAT酶活性均有降低的趋势;除武威点外,其余各样点红砂叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量相差均不大。     

珠江三角洲城市群大气微生物优势 种群及时空分异特征

用JWL-IIB新型固体撞击式多功能空气微生物采集仪,于2005至2007年,分别在春、夏、秋、冬不同的季节,对珠江三角洲8个城市(广州、深圳、珠海、佛山、江门、东莞、惠州、中山)的四个不同的功能区(交通枢纽、商业区步行街、居民区和工业区)161个样点,进行大气微生物采样、测定与时空分布规律初步研究,拟为珠江三角洲城市环境污染的综合防治和卫生防疫工作提供依据。研究结果表明:珠江三角洲城市群大气微生物真菌的优势种群有:曲霉属(Aspergillus)、青霉属(Penicillium)、枝孢属( Cladosporium)、芽枝霉属(Clodosporium)等,共19属21种,细菌的优势种群有芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、微小杆菌属(Exiguobacterium)、链霉菌属(Streptomyces)等,共4属15种。大气微生物含量在珠江三角洲城市群中广州和东莞较高,细菌比真菌含量高;室内较室外高,无绿化地较有绿化地高,大气微生物含量在全年中,春、夏季相对较高。     

遥感与地理信息系统技术在洪湖市湿地钉螺分布研究中的应用

血吸虫(Schistosoma)是一种寄生虫,可以寄生在人体或动物体内,主要依靠钉螺(Oncomelania hupensis)繁殖.遥感技术作为一种监测手段,辅助地理信息系统空间分析,可以有效地对钉螺分布区进行监测和数据提取.运用阈值提取和空间分析的方法,对2001年洪湖市钉螺栖息地的分布情况进行了分析和研究.在归一化植被指数为0.2～0.3和穗帽湿度指数为7～13的阈值下,提取出可疑钉螺栖息地分布的数据,根据实际钉螺分布图对其进行精度评价,其正确率达到86.20%.82.77%的可疑钉螺栖息地分布在沟渠之中,这说明沟渠具有适合钉螺生长的最佳环境条件.遥感与地理信息系统技术相结合的研究方法对洪湖市钉螺分布监测具有可行性,可以作为血吸虫防治工作的新方法.     

A Comparative Study of Distribution of Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Pomacea insularum Collected from Polluted and Unpolluted Sites of the Freshwater Ecosystem in Malaysia

The snails (Pomacea insularum) were collected from polluted and unpolluted sites at Juru River and the Universiti Putra Malaysia Lake, respectively. Besides the shells, the soft tissues of snails were dissected into 6 different parts: intestine, operculum, foot, pennial sac, lung sac and the remainder. They were analyzed for the concentrations of Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb, Ni and Fe. The present study found 6 interesting points. First, all the metal levels found in the different parts of P. insularum collected from Juru River were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in the snails of unpolluted lake. These results were also supported by the sediment data in which the Juru River sediment had significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of metal than those in the unpolluted lake. Second, the high levels of Cd and Pb were found in the shell of P. insularum, indicating that it is a potential biomonitoring material for these metals. Third, intestine accumulated elevated levels of Zn, Ni and Fe and thus is a potential biomonitoring organ for the 3 metals. Fourth, high levels of Cu were found in the lung sac and this phenomenon could be related to this metal binding to metallothionein in this organ. Fifth, elevated level of Pb found in the soft tissues of P. insularum indicated that this snail is not suitable for human consumption since its pollution level was higher than the food safety guideline for Pb. Sixth, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the different sizes (small sizes: 30.5-33.2 mm; large sizes: 37.7-40.4 mm) of P. insularum. The first 5 points supported the use of different soft tissues of P. insularum as biomonitoring organs of heavy metal pollution in the freshwater ecosystem in Malaysia although further validation is required.     

山丘型抑螺防病林的营建模式

<正>山丘地区地理和自然环境因素复杂,血吸虫治理难度大,治理时应根据钉螺分布的特点,采取分类分模式治理。据调查,山丘地区钉螺的分布和数量以荒坡、沟渠和河滩等处密度较大,为血吸虫病生态防治的重点地段;四旁(田边地坎、溪沟两旁、房前屋后、道路两旁)钉螺分布密度次之,但这些区域人畜活动更为频繁,应作治理的主体区域。依据血吸虫生物发育规律和     

Phylogenetic diversity of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit genes of bacterioplankton in the East China Sea

Phylogenetic diversity of Form Ⅰ and Form Ⅱ ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) large subunit (rbcL) genes in the inshore and offshore areas of the East China Sea were investigated. Two new primer sets were designed for amplifying partial sequences of rbcL genes from Proteobacteria. Four rbcL gene clone libraries were constructed by amplification and cloning of approximately 640-800 bp sequences of bacterioplankton populations. The method of screening library by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was introduced. The results show that the diversity of Form I is higher in offshore waters with higher salinity and lower productivity, while that of Form II is higher at the inshore station where salinity is lower and productivity is higher. Several clusters of sequences obtained are deeply rooted and show low similarity (60%-78%) to the known rbcL in existing databases. The degree of diversity of rbcL genes is directly related to environmental variables, including temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, etc. These results indicate that rbcL gene can be used as an effective indicator for genetic diversity and population variability of bacterioplankton with the ability of carbon dioxide fixation in the sea.     

RAPD标记在大连湾牡蛎种群研究中的应用

对四个不同地点（莱州,荣成,青岛和日照）的大连湾牡蛎（Ｃｒａｓｏｓｔｒｅａｔａｌｉｅｎｗｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ）进行了ＲＡＰＤ分析,结果表明相邻两地种群的遗传距离不明显。地理相距越远,遗传距离越大。莱州种群中具有ＯＰＫ１１—６８５标记,日照种群具有ＯＰＫ１１—７８０标记。上述两地之间的青岛和荣成种群中,６２．５％的个体同时具有这两个标记;只有２０％的个体为ＯＰＫ—７８０标记。莱州和日照种群间的基因流动有一定的局限性,而位于这两地之间的种群存在明显的基因流动现象     

青岛市沿岸潮间带底栖海藻群落的初步研究

本文对青岛市沿岸,包括栈桥、太平角、石老人三个旅游区的潮间带底栖海藻进行了连续两年的采集和观察,分析了1998年春季和1999年春季两年中不同地区藻类种群结构变化和生物量变化。其中,以太平角潮间带的生物量最高,栈桥潮间带的生物量最低。两年共采集底栖海藻用属58种,其中绿藻门6属11种,褐藻门9属11种,红藻门23属36种。     

鲈鱼群体生化遗传研究Ⅱ．种群生化遗传结构及变异

1995年6月－1996年5月分别在汕头及青岛收集共100尾鲈鱼生化样品，采用淀粉胶及聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析了鲈鱼17种同工酶，记录了31个基因座位，统计卫基因频率，结果表明，2群体间遗传相似度和遗传距离分别0．9920和0．0080，作者初步认为中国近海鲈鱼为1个种，分南，北2个种群，汕头种群多态座位比例为22．6％，青岛种群为25．8％，x^2检测表明，2个群体多态座位等位基因频率除汕头的Est-4外均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡，汕头与青岛种群平均杂合度分别为0．079和0．099，表明目前鲈鱼种质资源状况尚好，但当前捕捞鲈鱼苗的压力过大，应严格控制鲈鱼苗的捕捞，以免因滥捕仔稚幼鱼而导致资源衰竭。