大庆周边地区草原改良技术

松嫩平原是黑龙江省最大的平原区，也是最重要的经济活动区，大庆油田占据了整个松嫩平原的中部，大庆及周边地区蕴藏着丰富的石油、天然气资源，为我国的经济建设的发展作出了巨大贡献。伴随着近40年的石油开发和城市建设，大庆及周边地区也由一望无际的大草原变成了高楼成群、油塔林立、采油井随处可见的大型城市。然而，在对石油、天然气资源开发利用的同时，也破坏了大庆市及周边地区的地质环境，土地沙化、盐碱化、草原退化日趋严重，工业、生活污水任意排放、原油冒漏、废渣废料随意堆放使水体和土壤污染日益加剧，对小气候具有调节作用的湿地面积不断缩小干枯，生态系统自我恢复和调节能力已相当低下。     

试论昆仓山北坡的黄土沉积环境

昆仑山北坡的黄土主要来源于塔克拉玛干沙漠中的粉尘物质,是在干旱的草原环境下堆积形成的.昆仑山北麓一带年浮尘日数高达100d以上,黄土堆积持续进行.它是青藏高原现代地貌形成的标志沉积,不仅同现代大气降尘具有相似的生物气候环境,而且可能具有相似的环流条件.在干旱的气候背景上有过不同程度的气候波动.7000-5000a.B.P.为显著的相对湿润时期.     

新疆生地所首次报道中国新疆普氏野马(Equus ferus przewalskii)重引入工作

正普氏野马曾广泛分布于中国新疆准噶尔盆地和蒙古国干旱荒漠草原地带,故又被称为准噶尔野马或蒙古野马。随着畜牧业快速发展、草原的过度开垦、矿业开采侵占和破坏野马的栖息地等多方面因素,普氏野马种群数量不断降低。最后一次野外观察到普氏野马是1969年在蒙古国Dzungarian戈壁。自此,普氏野马仅圈养于欧美等西方国家的动物园内。自1985-2005年,中国从西方动物园共引入24匹普氏野马,放入位于准噶尔盆地南缘的新疆吉木萨尔野马繁育中心。中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所杨维康研究员课题组首次发表文章详细报     

牲畜排泄物返还对藏北高寒草原土壤CH_4排放的影响

2013-07—09在申扎高寒草原与湿地生态系统观测试验站的半干旱高寒草原试验地,采用静态箱-气相色谱法对施加牦牛粪便、藏绵羊粪便和不施加粪便处理土壤的CH4排放特征进行了观测研究。结果表明,牦牛粪便斑块的CH4累积排放量为70.2 mg C/m2,显著高于藏绵羊粪便处理的-34.0 mg C/m2和对照处理的-69.0 mg C/m2,两者之间也有显著差异。牦牛粪便处理CH4的净排放主要是由于粪便施加后前期CH4的大量排放所致,藏绵羊粪便与对照处理之间的差异则主要归因于观测后期前者的CH4吸收量显著低于后者。牦牛粪便处理的CH4排放系数和干重排放指数分别是藏绵羊粪便处理的2.1倍和2.4倍。牦牛粪便斑块释放的绝大部分CH4主要来自于粪便本身,藏绵羊粪便斑块的较低含水量和较少有机碳施加量是致使其产甲烷潜力小于牦牛粪便斑块的主要原因。     

Livestock-carrying capacity and overgrazing status of alpine grassland in the Three-RiverHeadwaters region,China简

The Three-River Headwaters region in China is an ecological barrier providing en- vironmental protection and regional sustainable development for the mid-stream and down- stream areas, which also plays an important role in animal husbandry in China. This study estimated the grassland yield in the Three-River Headwaters region based on MODIS NPP data, and calculated the proper livestock-carrying capacity of the grassland. We analyzed the overgrazing number and its spatial distribution characteristics through data comparison be- tween actual and proper livestock-carrying capacity. The results showed the following： （1） total grassland yield （hay） in the Three-River Headwaters region was 10.96 million tons in 2010 with an average grassland yield of 465.70 kg/hm2 （the spatial distribution presents a decreasing trend from the east and southeast to the west and northwest in turn）; （2） the proper livestock-carrying capacity in the Three-River Headwaters region is 12.19 million sheep units （hereafter described as ＂SU＂）, and the average stocking capacity is 51.27 SU [the proper carrying capacity is above 100 SU/km2 in the eastern counties, 60 SU/km2 in the cen- tral counties （except Madoi County）, and 30 SU/km2 in the western counties]; and （3） total overgrazing number was 6.52 million SU in the Three-River Headwaters region in 2010, with an average overgrazing ratio of 67.88% and an average overgrazing number of 27.43 SU/km2 A higher overgrazing ratio occurred in Tongde, Xinghai, Yushu, Henan and Z~kog. There was no overgrazing in Zhiduo, Tanggula Township and Darlag, Qumerleb and Madoi. The re- mainder of the counties had varying degrees of overgrazing.     

内蒙古环保世纪行西部纪实

<正>8月8日至8月13日,本刊记者受邀参加了由内蒙古自治区人大常委会组织的内蒙古环保世纪行宣传活动。此活动历时6天,行程近2,000公里,深入鄂尔多斯市鄂托克前旗、乌海市、巴彦淖尔市、乌拉特中旗、乌拉特前等地调研,采访退耕还林还草、防沙治沙、林业生态恢复、草原生态保护、城市生态建设、生态补偿奖补机制的落实,征用林地草场补偿安置情况以及生态保护和建设取得的新成效。     

那拉提草原 赤橙红绿青蓝紫各色花将草原点缀得绚丽多姿

那拉提草原位于新疆维吾尔自治区的新源县那拉提镇镜内,地处楚鲁特山北坡,以那拉提镇旅游接待站为核心,包括周围草原、赛马场等。那拉提草原是新疆十大风景区之一、也是伊犁河谷在全国的著名品牌。     

鄂尔多斯草原 绿草白云牛羊的优美意境吸引着无数中外游客

骏马肥羊点缀着草原的美丽蒙古大营装点着草原的壮丽蒙古包群点拨着草原的秀丽内蒙古,以美丽的草原而闻名世界。内蒙古是“一代天骄”成吉思汗的故乡,也是孝庄皇后的故里。内蒙古自治区北邻蒙古和俄罗斯,东缘茫茫林海的大兴安岭,是我国跨经度最大的省份,其地理位置的特殊性决定了当地旅游资源的丰富多样。最吸引人的当属独特的自然风光,境内同时并存有大面积的草原和沙漠,以及上千个大小湖泊。在零星散落的蒙古包映衬下,天空纯净明亮,草地辽阔壮丽,空气清新,牛羊成群,     

Shrubs proliferated within a six-year exclosure in a temperate grassland—Spatiotemporal relationships between vegetation and soil variables

Overgrazing has been considered one of the maj or causes that trigger shrub encroachment of grassland. Proliferation of shrubs in grassland is recognized as an important indicator of grassland degradation and desertification. In China, various conservation measures, including enclosures to reduce livestock grazing, have been taken to reverse the trend of grassland desertification, yet shrubs have been reported to increase in the grasslands over the past decades. In late 2007, we set up a 400-m-by-50-m exclosure in a long-term overgrazed temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia, with the ob- jective to quantify the spatiotemporal relationship between vegetation dynamics, soil variables, and grazing exclusion. Soil moisture was continuously monitored within the exclosure, and cover and aboveground biomass of the shrubs were measured inside the exclosure in 2007, 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2013, and outside the exclosure in 2012 and 2013. We found the average shrub cover and biomass significantly increased in the six years by 103 % and 120%, respectively. The result supported the hypothesis that releasing grazing pressure following long-term overgrazing tends to trigger shrub invasion into grassland. Our results, limited to a single gradient, suggest that any conservation measures with quick release of overgrazing pressure by enclosure or other similar means might do just the opposite to accelerate shrub en- croachment in grassland. The changes in vegetation cover and biomass were regressed on the temporal average of the soil moisture content by means of the generalized least square technique to quantify the effect of the spatial autocor- relation. The result indicates that the grass cover and biomass significantly increased with the top, but decreased with the bottom layer soil moisture. The shrub cover and biomass, on the other hand, decreased with the top, but increased with bottom soil moisture, although the regression coefficients for the shrubs were not statistically significant. Hence this study supports the two-layered soil model which assumes grasses and shrubs use belowground resources in dif- ferent depths.     

承载草原文化的蒙古包

女儿陶醉于凤凰传奇宽广豪迈的歌唱,一直向往遥远的草原。去年暑假在她的纠缠下,一家三口经呼伦贝尔搭车一路向北,去领略大草原的风光。草原犹如一幅从蔚蓝天际漫卷下来的地毯四处铺展,天际线上的蓝层次分明又浑然一体,天际线下的绿一望无际辽阔壮美。