Simulating carbon sequestration and GHGs emissions in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Abies fabric</Emphasis> forest on the Gongga Mountains using a biogeochemical process model Forest-DNDC

The process-oriented model Forest-DNDC describing biogeochemical cycling of C and N and GHGs （greenhouse gases） fluxes （CO2, NO and N2O） in forest ecosystems was applied to simulate carbon sequestration and GHGs emissions in Abies fabric forest of the Gongga Mountains at southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. The results indicated that the simulated gross primary production （GPP） of Abies fabric forest was strongly affected by temperature. The annual total GPP was 24,245.3 kg C ha^-1 yr^-1 for 2005 and 26,318.8 kg C ha^-1 yr^-1 for 2006, respectively. The annual total net primary production （NPP） was 5,935.5 and 4,882.2 kg C ha^-1 yr^-1 for 2005 and 2006, and the annual total net ecosystem production （NEP） was 4,815.4 and 3,512.8 kg C ha^-1 yr^-1 for 2005 and 2006, respectively. The simulated seasonal variation in CO2 emissions generally followed the seasonal variations in temperature and precipitation. The annual total CO2 emissions were 3,109.0 and 4,821.0 kg C ha^-1 yr^-1 for 2005 and 2006, the simulated annual total N2O emissions from forest soil were 1.47 and 1.36 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1 for 2005 and 2006, and the annual total NO emissions were 0.09 and o.12 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1 for 2005 and 2006, respectively.     

贡嘎山东坡土壤有机质及氮素分布特征

The distribution of soil organic matter (SOM) and nitrogen on Gongga Mountain was studied in this paper. The results showed that the content of SOM and nitrogen (N) of A horizon had an ascending trend with the increase of the elevation. The vegetation types distributed higher than the mixed broad-leaved and coniferous forest have the irregular trends. In the transitional zone vegetation such as mixed trees and treeline, the content of SOM and N is higher than other vegetation types. The distribution of SOM and N of A horizon is dependent on the synthetic effect of climate and vegetation types. The vertical distribution of SOM and N in soil profiles has the similar trends for all kinds of vegetation types, i.e., the content of A horizon is higher than that of the B and C horizons, which is the same to the distribution of dead animal and plant in soil. The soil C:N is between 7 and 25, which is relatively low comparing to the appropriate C:N of 25-30. The ratio of soil carbon to nitrogen (C:N) increases with the increase of the elevation, but its vertical distribution in soil horizons varies with different vegetation types. The N exists in SOM mainly in the form of organic nitrogen, and the soil C:N correlates significantly with SOM.     

贡嘎山东坡林地土壤的诊断特性与系统分类

贡嘎山东坡寒区林地在海拔2200～3650m的典型土壤,其土壤诊断层和诊断特性主要有暗瘠表层、漂白层、雏形层、石质接触面特征、常湿润土壤水分状况和寒冻、寒性、冷性或温性土壤温度状况.由于泥石流和冰川堆积物对所发育土壤性状有很大影响,提出了划分泥石流岩性特征和冰碛物岩性特征及其诊断指标.根据本区土壤诊断层和诊断特性,按照中国土壤系统分类对研究区典型土壤进行了检索,在分类中首次根据泥石流岩性特征和冰碛物岩性特进行了土壤系统分类.     

贡嘎山东坡土壤有机质及氮素分布特征

对贡嘎山东坡自然垂直带土壤有机质和氮素的分布特征的研究表明,贡嘎山东坡表层土壤有机质和全氮含量随海拔升高有上升趋势,但在针阔混交林以上出现波动,在群落过渡带处出现显著峰值,气候和植被类型的综合作用决定了有机质和氮素的空间分布。土壤有机质和氮素在土壤剖面中的垂直分布趋势一致,凋落物层和土壤A层高于B、C层,这与动植物残体在土壤中的垂直分布格局类似。群落过渡带在腐殖质A层出现氮素累积峰。土壤碳氮比介于7~25之间,相对较低,利于土壤腐殖质化和有机氮矿化。碳氮比随海拔升高而升高,在土壤剖面中的分布随植被类型不同而有所差异。土壤中的氮素主要以有机氮的形式存在于土壤有机质中,土壤碳氮比与有机质含量显著相关。     

贡嘎山东坡表土植硅体组合的海拔分布及其与植被的关系

山地生态系统对气候变化的敏感性和预警作用,使其成为全球变化领域里的重要研究内容之一,但是目前能够敏感记录山地乍态系统变化的环境指标非常有限.对青藏高原东南缘的贡嘎山东坡海拔高度1200～4600m不同植被带以约50m间距采集的70个表土样品进行植硅体分析,结合PCA(Principal Component Analysis)研究结果,发现表土植硅体组合沿海拔变化明显.植硅体类型和数量变化很好地反映了垂直植被带的变化:1)低海拔山地亚热带常绿阔叶林带(1200～2200m)为阔叶木本"Y"字型-哑铃型-十字型-短鞍型植硅体组合;2)山地暖温带针阔叶混交林带(2200～3200m)为阔叶木本"Y"字型-针叶树类型-方型-扇型-长鞍型的组合;3)山地寒温带暗针叶林带(3200～3700m)为针叶树类型-帽型-齿型-尖型-针茅哑铃型组合;4)亚高山亚寒带灌丛草甸带(3700～4600m)为帽型-齿型-团块型-针茅哑铃型组合.表土植硅体组合PCA分析的第1轴得分较好地指示了植被沿海拔的分布及其与温度的关系,反映山地植被带及其对应的植硅体组合变化可能主要受控于温度的影响.研究表明,植硅体分析可以作为恢复山地古植被演替和古环境变化的重要指标.     

贡嘎山东坡和北坡的山地灾害

贡嘎山区面积3819平方公里。北坡瓦斯沟及康定附近,东坡大渡河西岸及磨西河流域山崩、滑坡、泥石流、森林雪害等山地灾害严重,人类活动引发的灾害在增长。有关各方应予以重视:凡上建设项目应有前期灾害研究课题,或山地灾害研究人员提供咨询。     

环贡嘎山生态旅游带(MGEB)保护性联合开发模式的初步研究

本文提出环贡嘎山生态旅游带(MGEB)的保护性联合开发思路,并预测了该联合开发区,环贡嘎山生态旅游 带,能使贡嘎山的生态旅游资源得到更有效的利用,且具有显著的生态效益。     

贡嘎山地区的冰川水文特征

贡嘎山地区气候温和，降水量充沛，冰川消融强烈。冰川融水径流模数为１００－１４５Ｌ／（ｓ．ｋｍ＾２），冰川融水径流深高达２０００－４５００ｍｍ．冰川融水径流的年内分配比较均匀，冰川强烈消融期的５－９月，冰川融水径流占冰川区年总径流的８０％左右；径流量集中的６－８月，占６０％左右，冰川融水径流的年内变化气温的年内变化基本相一致，最大值出现在７月或８月。