东亚夏季风对长江口海域表面水温的影响

根据引水船海洋站 1960 - 2001 年、大戢山海洋站 1978 - 1999 年、吕四海洋站 1960 - 1990 年、滩浒岛海洋站 1984 - 2001 年、嵊山海洋站 1973 - 2001 年夏季 6 - 8 月、秋季 9 - 11 月月平均表面水温资料和美国NCEP / NCAR的北半球月平均 500 hPa 高度场、850 hPa 风场再分析资料,利用合成分析及相关分析方法,分析东亚夏季风对长江口海域 ( 区 ) 表面水温 ( SST ) 的影响.结果表明:长江口区夏季 SST 呈近岸高,外海低的特点.长江口区 SST 冷夏年,东亚夏季风较弱;暖夏年东亚夏季风较强.强夏季风年,长江口区夏季、秋季 SST 偏高;弱夏季风年,长江口区夏季 SST 偏低.     

Numerical Prediction of Induced Pressure and Lift of the Planing Surfaces

This paper discusses the numerical prediction of the induced pressure and lift of the planing surfaces in a steady motion based on the potential flow solver as well as the spray drag by use of the practical method.The numerical method for computation of the induced pressure and lift is potential-based boundary element method.Special technique is identified to present upwash geometry and to determine the spray drag.Numerical results of a planing flat plate and planing craft model 4666 are presented.It is shown that the method is robust and efficient and the results agree well with the experimental measurements with various Froude humors.     

Nonlinear numerical simulation on extreme-wave kinematics

A fully nonlinear numerical model based on a time-domain higher-order boundary element method (HOBEM) is founded to simulate the kinematics of extreme waves. In the model, the fully nonlinear free surface boundary conditions are satisfied and a semi-mixed Euler-Lagrange method is used to track free surface; a fourth-order Runga-Kutta technique is adopted to refresh the wave elevation and velocity potential on the free surface at each time step; an image Green function is used in the numerical wave tank so that the integrations on the lateral surfaces and bottom are excluded. The extreme waves are generated by the method of wave focusing. The physical experiments are carried out in a wave flume. On the horizontal velocity of the measured point, numerical solutions agree well with experimental results. The characteristics of the nonlinear extreme-wave kinematics and the velocity distribution are studied here.     

The effect of current and wave on whitecap coverage via relative speed： the Atlantic Ocean case

Whitecapping plays an important role in many air-sea exchange and upper ocean processes. Traditionally, whitecap coverage is parameterized as a function of wind speed only. At present, the relative speed of ocean current to wind is considered to be important in the air-sea exchange parameterization which is the function of wind speed only. In this paper, the effects of ocean surface velocity (current velocity and wave induced velocity) and the wave parameters on whitecap coverage through relative speeds are investigated, by applying a 2-parameter whitecap coverage model to the Atlantic Ocean. It is found that the impacts of both current and wave on whitecap coverage are considerable in the most part of the Atlantic Ocean. It is interesting that the effect of wave is more significant than that of current.     

Wave breaking on turbulent energy budget in the ocean surface mixed layer

As an important physical process at the air-sea interface, wave movement and breaking have a significant effect on the ocean surface mixed layer （OSML）. When breaking waves occur at the ocean surface, turbulent kinetic energy （TKE） is input downwards, and a sublayer is formed near the surface and turbulence vertical mixing is intensively enhanced. A one-dimensional ocean model including the Mellor-Yamada level 2.5 turbulence closure equations was employed in our research on variations in turbulent energy budget within OSML. The influence of wave breaking could be introduced into the model by modifying an existing surface boundary condition of the TKE equation and specifying its input. The vertical diffusion and dissipation of TKE were effectively enhanced in the sublayer when wave breaking was considered. Turbulent energy dissipated in the sublayer was about 92.0% of the total depth-integrated dissipated TKE, which is twice higher than that of non-wave breaking. The shear production of TKE decreased by 3.5% because the mean flow fields tended to be uniform due to wave-enhanced turbulent mixing. As a result, a new local equilibrium between diffusion and dissipation of TKE was reached in the wave-enhanced layer. Below the sublayer, the local equilibrium between shear production and dissipation of TKE agreed with the conclusion drawn from the classical law-of-the-wall （Craig and Banner, 1994）.     

一种物源示踪研究的新方法:重矿物颗粒表面结构分析

前人利用重矿物的岩石学特征来确定沉积物母岩区而进行物源研究已取得许多成果,如早期的Krynine(1946)、Feo-Codecido(1956)以及近期的Morton(1985,1999)等.其中许多研究表明由于沉积物沉积过程中发生的搬运作用、风化作用以及溶蚀作用影响,单纯的重矿物组合并不能精确的解释沉积物的物源区分布.     

芽孢杆菌Lz-2在碱性环境下产糖脂类表面活性剂的研究及增溶作用初探

从油田污水中筛选得到一株产表面活性剂的细菌Lz-2,对其生理生化性能及产物特性进行了测定,并初步分析了其产物结构。结果表明,该菌株为芽孢杆菌,在最佳培养条件即:柠檬酸钠为30g·L-1,蛋白胨为5g·L-1,氯化钠为5g·L-1,pH=9,温度为37℃时,发酵液的表面张力从最初75 mN·m-1降低到30.6mN·m-1,表面活性剂产量可达到1.228g·L-1,且该表面活性剂对多环芳烃具有良好的增溶性能,能使芘的表观溶解度增加1.25倍。     

三次黑潮大弯曲形成机制的分析

通过对HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM)高分辨率海洋环流模式(1/12°)数值模拟结果的分析发现,该模式对1993—2003年的模拟结果出现了3次显著的黑潮大弯曲现象。研究表明,日本以南这3次黑潮大弯曲路径的形成与2种机制有关:沿30°N西传的海洋Rossby波将太平洋145°E附近海面高度正异常信号传到九州岛东南海域是第二次黑潮大弯曲的主要形成机制;而冲绳海槽北部海水的位势涡度负异常则有利于九州岛东南反气旋再循环流海域海面高度正异常,有助于第一次和第三次黑潮大弯曲路径的形成。     

鱼类体表黏液分泌功能与作用研究进展

鱼类皮肤的上皮组织中分布着大量的黏液细胞,分泌的黏液广泛覆盖在鱼体表面构成了鱼体与外界直接接触的第一道门户,在鱼类整个生命过程中起着至关重要的作用.     

渤海南部碎屑石英表面微结构特征等沉积环境

运用扫描电镜研究渤海南部碎屑石英颗粒表面微结构,并根据各种形痕的组合特征,判断沉积物所处的沉积环境,定性分析控制沉积环境的主要因素。