地理概念教学的重要性及策略——从“清明时节雨纷纷”谈起

从"‘清明时节雨纷纷’属何种天气系统"这一有争议的问题说起,指出地理概念教学的重要性,并指出目前地理概念教学中存在重现象轻本质、重结论轻过程、重应用轻思维等问题。在概念教学中,可使用以下策略:运用直观手段,建立概念;抓住要点设疑,剖析概念;采用比较方法,辨别概念;借助典型范例,巩固概念。     

对地理概念教学的几点认识

一、地理概念教学中的常见问题 1.对概念教学的疏忽、缺失 这一点在新教师中表现得更明显。因为有的概念词句简单,无甚可讲,且可以顾名思义,教师也没有对概念做过多解释。导致许多学生不重视概念的学习,对一些地理概念的内涵和外延认识模糊,相互混淆,直接影响到地理概念的掌握和使用,影响到地理基础知识的掌握和基本能力的提高。     

联合国开发计划署(UNDP)组织中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所专家赴埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚交流考察

正2014年4月29～5月8日,应联合国开发计划署(UNDP)邀请,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所和UNDP中国代表处一行6人,访问埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚,并在干旱区灾害风险管理、荒漠化治理等方面达成合作意向。在埃塞俄比亚期间,考察团分别访问了UNDP埃塞俄比亚代表处、干旱预警协调中心、农业部风险灾害管理与粮食安全局、非洲灾害风险管理中心及奥罗米亚草场恢复项目办公室,并受到埃塞俄比亚农业部部长与UNDP驻埃塞俄比亚总代表接见。双方围绕灾害风险管理、水资源高     

“百图齐放,殊图同归”——例谈高效地理复习中的“多图一用”

正纵观历年高考地理试题,几乎是"题题有图,无图不成题",图式的呈现往往比较新颖,因此读图能力的培养变得更加迫在眉睫。在此背景下,"多图一用"的教学方法受到众多一线教师的青睐。该方法是指复习中,在保持地理概念、规律等本质属性不变的前提下,从多角度、多侧面、多方位绘制图像,并通过图图转换,以多幅图像来呈现同一知识块,从而实现高三复习的高效化。     

Radiative forcing over China due to albedo change caused by land cover change during 1990–2010

Land cover change affects surface radiation budget and energy balance by chang- ing surface albedo and further impacts the regional and global climate. In this article, high spatial and temporal resolution satellite products were used to analyze the driving mechanism for surface albedo change caused by land cover change during 1990-2010. In addition, the annual-scale radiative forcing caused by surface albedo changes in China＇s 50 ecological regions were calculated to reveal the biophysical mechanisms of land cover change affecting climate change at regional scale. Our results showed that the national land cover changes were mainly caused by land reclamation, grassland desertification and urbanization in past 20 years, which were almost induced by anthropogenic activities. Grassland and forest area decreased by 0.60% and 0.11%, respectively. The area of urban and farmland increased by 0.60% and 0.19%, respectively. The mean radiative forcing caused by land cover changes during 1990-2010 was 0.062 W/m2 in China, indicating a warming climate effect. However, spatial heterogeneity of radiative forcing was huge among different ecological regions. Farmland conversing to urban construction land, the main type of land cover change for the urban and suburban agricultural ecological region in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region, caused an albedo reduction by 0.00456 and a maximum positive radiative forcing of 0.863 WIm2, which was presented as warming climate effects. Grassland and forest conversing to farmland, the main type of land cover change for the temperate humid agricultural and wetland ecological region in Sanjiang Plain, caused an albedo increase by 0.00152 and a maximum negative radiative forcing of 0.184 W/m2, implying cooling climate effects.     

近三十年以来内蒙古自治区荒漠化防治问题研究综述

内蒙古自治区成立以来,不同时期、不同地区的荒漠化防治工作力度虽然不同,但是与荒漠化的斗争始终没有停止。研究内蒙古自治区广大人民群众在中国共产党和政府的领导下与荒漠化斗争的历史,既可以总结荒漠化防治工作的经验教训,为党和政府的荒漠化防治工作决策提供参考;还能够激励广大人民群众与荒漠化斗争的热情。     

Medium and small embankment dams on permafrost: A discussion of current concepts

This article discusses the current concepts of dam design and construction in permafrost regions. It is demonstrated that embankment dams often change their state from frozen to thawed and back during the operation period. It is shown that these transitions are not always attributable to observed climate warming. Where geotechnical, hydrogeological, and permafrost conditions are complicated, proper performance of embankment dams can only be provided by adhering to a selected thermal design for, as an example, a frozen state.     

Perceptions of climate change in China: The research and policy connection

Global climate change has evolved from a scientific problem into an economic and political problem oI worlOwloe rater- est. National perspectives play a crucial role in addressing climate change. Mutual understanding of perspectives is nec- essary to result in rational policies and a consensus among stakeholders with divergent interests. Conceptual frameworks for understanding the problem of climate change in China, the largest developing country and the largest greenhouse gas emitter, are of great significance to national and international efforts to address the problems of climate change. Chinese perceptions of climate change as a sustainable development problem have recently been in tension with an emerging Western perspective that frames climate change as a security issue. This paper explores Chinese perceptions of climate change as expressed in recent governmental policy statements, public opinion surveys, and academic scholarship with a focus on publications in Chinese-language journals, often unfamiliar in the West. It looks at the relationship between Chinese research and policy and finds that the Chinese policy frame of climate change as a sustainable development problem draws from the body of domestic research and is reflective of the perspectives and multidisciplinary approach of Chinese researchers in areas of climate change.     

类多变量输出误差系统的耦合多新息辨识方法

辅助模型辨识思想、多新息辨识理论、耦合辨识概念是研究复杂多变量系统辨识的新理念和原理.将它们结合起来研究类多变量输出误差系统的辨识问题,提出了多元辅助模型辨识方法、多元辅助模型多新息辨识方法、变递推间隔多元辅助模型多新息辨识方法.为减小算法的计算量和提高参数估计精度,将系统模型分解为一些子辨识模型,应用辅助模型辨识思想、多新息辨识理论、耦合辨识概念,研究和推导了部分耦合辅助模型辨识方法、部分耦合辅助模型多新息辨识方法.讨论了几个典型辨识算法的计算量,给出了参数估计的计算步骤和计算流程图.     

《西藏综合自然与沙漠化地图集》评介

正在"世界防治荒漠化和干旱日"即将到来的时候,由杨萍、李森、魏兴琥、董玉祥等同志编制的《西藏西藏综合自然与沙漠化地图集》已经由科学出版社正式出版发行,应作者邀请,向广大读者推荐这本图集。《西藏西藏综合自然与沙漠化地图集》生动直观,深入浅出,不同层次的读者可以各取所需,各有所获。一般读者可从中获得有关西藏土地沙漠化的知识;专业人员可从中看出土地沙漠化研究与防治的脉络与轨迹;政府部门可以从中了解西藏土地沙漠化的现状、成因和防治优化模式,以利于制定治理和开发利用的决策依据。