Accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals in clams （Ruditapes philippinarum） in Jiaozhou Bay, China

Accumulation and distributions of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals were measured in tissues of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum collected from 5 sites in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China. The concentrations of total aliphatic hydrocarbon and PAHs ranged from 570 to 2 574 ng/gdw (gram dry weight) and from 276 to 939 ng/gdw, in the most and least polluted sites, respectively. The bio-accumulation of hydrocarbons and PAHs in the clams appeared to be selective. Aliphatic hydrocarbons were predominantly represented by short chain (<nC₂₃) n-alkanes, suggesting that petroleum hydrocarbons were likely the major contamination source. The selective uptake of 3 and 4 ring PAHs, such as naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene, by the clams was probably related to the physiological and bio-kinetic processes that were energetically favorable for uptake of compounds with fewer rings. Accumulation of the metals Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Hg, and As in the clam tissues also showed high variability, ranging from 0.043 to 87 μg/gdw. Among the 7 detected metals, Zn, Cd, Cu, and As had a particularly high potential of accumulation in R. philippinarum. In general, a positive correlation was found between the tissue concentrations and sediment concentrations of hydrocarbons and of some metals. Our study suggests that moderate contamination with polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and low to moderate contamination with metals, currently exists for clam R. philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay, in comparison with other regional studies. A long-term monitoring program is certainly needed for assessment of the potential ecological influence and toxicity of these contaminants of R. philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay.     

胶州湾海洋生态环境GIS数据库的构筑

胶洲湾海洋生态观测站（JERS）是我国生态系统网络（CERN）的野外观测站之一,自60年代以来至今近 40 a间,在胶州湾内及其附近海域中的 300个以上观测站点上,先后对100多个海洋物理（如水温、盐度、水色、透明度）、化学（如总氮、NO2、NO3、DON、NH3、SiO3、PO4-P）、地质（如悬浮体含量）、生物（如浮游生物、浮游动物、底栖生物、叶绿素、初级生产力）及生物污染（如大肠杆菌、石油降解菌、异氧细菌）等指标进行了监测,积累了大量数据资料。     

倾情扫描中国诸多凤凰岛之英姿

青岛凤凰岛 青岛薛家岛又称“凤凰岛”,位于胶州湾西海岸黄岛区（苛岛经济技术开发区）境内,勺团岛隔海棚望,相距2．26海里。东、南、北三面环海,海岸线长达54公里。相传古时候有一只金凤凰飞赴天庭参加百鸟盛会,飞抵碧波万顷、     

马蹄礁底栖海藻的研究

In this paper, the composition, distribution, seasonal variation and biomass of benthic algae of Qingdao Mati Reef were studied during the period from May of 1981 to April of 1982.The results of the investigation are as follows: 1. 83 species of benthic algae of Qingdao Mati Reef were found,and they are indentified as: 13 Chlorophyta, 16 Phaeophyta and 54 Rhodo-phyta.2. According to the flora of 83 species of benthic algae in Qingdao Mati Reef, it seems that they belong to warm temperate.3. The annual biomass and biomass variation of benthic algae in March were hightest of the west part of Qingdao Mati Reef.     

胶州湾水体重金属Hg的质量浓度和分布

根据1982-04、06、07和10月胶州湾水域调查资料,探讨和研究胶州湾重金属Hg的水质、平面分布、垂直分布、季节变化以及来源.结果表明：Hg在胶州湾水体中的质量浓度范围为：0.006～0.049 μg/L,在胶州湾整个水域,没有受到Hg的污染.在胶州湾西南沿岸水域,地表径流直接输送Hg入海,其质量浓度都非常低;在胶州湾东部沿岸水域,河流输送Hg入海,其质量浓度相对较高.Hg的表、底层水平分布证实了Hg的水域迁移过程和水域迁移机制.Hg质量浓度的垂直分布展示了胶州湾表层水质受到陆地地表径流输送Hg的影响,而胶州湾底层水质受到累计沉降的效应.通过胶州湾Hg的时空分布,发现控制Hg的排放得到实施,输入胶州湾水域的Hg大为减少.     

有机农药六六六对胶州湾海域水质的影响——水域迁移过程

根据1979—1984年(缺少1980年)的胶州湾水域调查资料,分析了胶州湾水域有机农药六六六(HCH)的垂直分布,提出了六六六的水域迁移过程,研究结果表明,此过程出现3个阶段:从污染源把六六六输出到胶州湾水域、把六六六输入到胶州湾水域的表层、六六六从表层沉降到底层。在胶州湾,六六六的垂直分布按照时空分布来划分区域。在时间尺度上,一年中的春季、夏季和秋季;在空间尺度上,把胶州湾水域分为3部分水域:湾内、湾口和湾外。通过不同的时空区域六六六的垂直分布,进一步提出了六六六的水域迁移机制,阐明了六六六垂直分布的规律及原因。     

胶州湾营养盐的现状和变化

报道了１９９１年５月至１９９４年２月１２个航次胶州湾ＮＯ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ２－Ｎ，ＮＨ４－Ｎ，ＰＯ４－Ｐ和ＳｉＯ３－Ｓｉ的时空分布基本特征，６０年代于至９０年代的变化表明，胶州湾营养盐的浓度和分布已发生显变化。尤其从６０年代至８０年代，３０年来，胶州湾中东部水城ＰＯ４－Ｐ，ＮＯ３－Ｎ和ＮＨ４－Ｎ浓度分别增加２．２，７．３和７．１倍，ＴＯＮ浓度也增加了３．５倍，ＴＩＮ／ＰＯ４－Ｐ从１０增加至２４．２；Ｔ     

胶州湾增养殖海域营养状况与赤潮形成的初步研究

根据对胶州湾女姑山增养殖海域1998年5月～9月的连续监测资料,参照潜在性富营养化的概念,应用NQI指数对该海域的营养状况进行分析。认为该海域水质富营养化是7月3～8日Skeletonemacostatum和Biddulphiaaurita混合型赤潮形成的基础,磷、硅营养盐的消耗是赤潮消亡的主要原因;赤潮消亡之后浮游植物群落发生演替,水体叶绿素a仍保持较高含量,NQI指数也相应较高,水质表现为磷限制潜在性富营养化,由于磷酸盐的限制没有发展为赤潮。     

2010-2011年胶州湾叶绿素a与环境因子的时空变化特征

2010年4、6、8、10月和2011年1、3月在胶州湾开展了6个航次的综合调查,研究了表层海水温度、盐度、营养盐和叶绿素a浓度的时空变化特征。调查期间,总无机氮(DIN)、磷酸盐(PO4)和硅酸盐(SiO3)多呈现东北部湾边缘高,而湾内和湾口低的空间分布特征。季节变化表明,DIN和PO4主要受养殖排放、河流径流输入和浮游植物生长消耗的影响,呈现初夏和秋季高,夏末和冬季低的特点;而SiO3主要受河流径流输入和浮游植物消耗的影响,呈现夏、秋高,而冬、春低的特点。营养盐浓度和结构分析表明,胶州湾存在PO4和SiO3的绝对和相对限制;SiO3限制尤其严重,是控制胶州湾浮游植物生长的主要环境因子。SiO3和PO4的限制主要表现在冬季,几乎遍布整个海湾;夏季降水可有效缓解海域的SiO3限制。叶绿素a浓度呈现春、夏季高,秋、冬季低的季节分布,温度、营养盐浓度与结构和季节性贝类养殖活动是控制胶州湾叶绿素a浓度时空分布的关键因素。