高速公路类土质路堑边坡施工期变形监测预警探讨

高速公路类土质路堑边坡是边坡领域的一种重要类型,在工程特性方面与土质边坡或岩质边坡具有明显差异。深入认识该类边坡的工程特性和失稳机理,对该类边坡施工期间的安全建设以及正常运营期间安全评估具有重要意义。基于高速公路类土质路堑边坡工程地质特点、边坡变形影响因素,结合盘兴高速公路K5滑坡变形监测预警实例,提出了采用位移速度比率作为预警参考值的滑坡预警方法,并在松铜一标ZK5 410～485段左侧边坡成功预警,避免了人员伤亡,减轻了经济损失。为类土质路堑边坡工程设计、工后防治、安全运营提供指导。     

Intercomparison of NO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>, SO<Subscript>2</Subscript>, O<Subscript>3</Subscript>, and aromatic hydrocarbons measured by a commercial DOAS system and traditional point monitoring techniques

A field-based intercomparison study of a(DOAS) instrument (OPSIS AB, Sweden) andcommercial Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopydifferent point-sample monitoring techniques (PM, basedon an air monitoring station, an air monitoring vehicle, and various chemical methods) was conducted inBeijing from October 1999 to January 2000. The mixing ratios of six trace gases including NO, NO2, SO2,03, benzene, and toluene were monitored continuously during the four months. A good agreement betweenthe DOAS and PM data was found for NO2 and SO2. However, the concentrations of benzene, toluene,and NO obtained by DOAS were significantly lower than those measured by the point monitors. Theozone levels monitored by the DOAS were generally higher than those measured by point monitors. Theseresults may be attributed to a strong vertical gradient of the NO-O3-NO2 system and of the aromatics atthe measurement site. Since the exact data evaluation algorithm is not revealed by the manufacturer ofthe DOAS system, the error in the DOAS analysis can also not be excluded.     

转换波AVO反演速度比各横波反射系数

Based on the empirical Gardner equation describing the relationship between density and compressional wave velocity, the converted wave reflection coefficient extrema attributes for AVO analysis are proposed and the relations between the extrema position and amplitude, average velocity ratio across the interface, and shear wave reflection coefficient are derived. The extrema position is a monotonically decreasing function of average velocity ratio, and the extrema amplitude is a function of average velocity ratio and shear wave reflection coefficient. For theoretical models, the average velocity ratio and shear wave reflection coefficient are inverted from the extrema position and amplitude obtained from fitting a power function to converted wave AVO curves. Shear wave reflection coefficient sections have clearer physical meaning than conventional converted wave stacked sections and establish the theoretical foundation for geological structural interpretation and event correlation. ＂The method of inverting average velocity ratio and shear wave reflection coefficient from the extrema position and amplitude obtained from fitting a power function is applied to real CCP gathers. The inverted average velocity ratios are consistent with those computed from compressional and shear wave well logs.     

基于植被二向性反射统一模型的高分五号FAPAR遥感反演算法

植被光合有效辐射吸收比率（FAPAR）是描述植被光合作用能量交换过程的重要参数,广泛应用于植被长势监测、植被生产力估算、全球变化等研究领域。遥感是大范围获取FAPAR的唯一途径,与多光谱传感器相比,高光谱传感器能更加精确、细致地观测植被的光谱特征,有利于分析植被冠层反射、吸收特性,进而反演植被冠层FAPAR。本文首先在植被BRDF统一模型和FAPAR-P模型的基础上,构建了BRDF-FAPAR统一模型UBFM (Unified BRDF-FAPAR Model);进而基于高分五号高光谱传感器特征模拟了不同情况下植被冠层反射率和相应的FAPAR;然后运用改进的最佳指数法选择FAPAR反演的特征波段组合;在此基础上,将特征波段反射率与FAPAR模拟结果作为神经网络的输入参数,构建针对高光谱数据的FAPAR神经网络反演算法。研究结果表明,改进的最佳指数法能有效地筛选出FAPAR估算的敏感波段;综合考虑波段信息量和实际影像数据噪声影响,本研究针对高分五号高光谱传感器选择8个波段作为FAPAR反演特征波段。基于UBFM模型构建的神经网络反演精度较高,模拟实验算法误差约为0.014。选择内蒙古呼伦...     

粤东北嵩溪银锑矿有机质特征及成矿元素关系探讨

通过粤东北嵩溪银锑矿区的有机质特征有有机碳与成矿元素银、锑关系的研究,从有机地球化学角度对有机碳与成矿元素的共生组合关系以及有机质在成矿过程中的作用做了初步的探讨。有机显微组分中的大量落质体及藻碎屑体指明了成矿早期的海相环境,在对矿区内黑色页岩系中的有机碳、硫、银、锑含量对比分析之后发现,有机碳与其三者存在着良好的正线性相关关系,有机质在银锑矿的形成过程中起到了重要的作用。研究工作的结果初步表明了     

气候变化和人类活动对汾河流域径流情势影响分析

在人类活动和气候变化的影响下,汾河入黄径流量锐减,加剧了山西省水资源短缺的现状,并引起生态环境的恶化,同时入黄径流量的减少致使黄河干流流量的减少,加剧了黄河中下游的水资源短缺。以汾河流域为研究区,采用水文变异诊断系统分析了汾河流域入黄控制站河津站1956-2012年的径流情势的变化情况,入黄径流有显著下降的趋势,并且在1971年左右发生了突变减少。然后采用多元分析方法,分析造成径流突变减少的影响因子,其径流受到降水量、潜在蒸散发量和人类活动引起的流域属性改变的影响。随后采用Budyko公式分析其敏感性,在相对较长的时间尺度上,气候变化对径流的影响比人类活动更加敏感。最后采用累计斜率法分析上述参数对径流的影响比率,得到径流量受降水量、潜在蒸散发量和流域属性的影响比率分别为16.29%、-4.86%和88.57%。     

藏东南波堆藏布江流域古乡冰期冰川重建

"古乡冰期"是青藏高原第四纪冰川作用中最具代表性的冰期之一,指代的是倒数第二次冰期,其命名依据来源于藏东南波堆藏布江谷地、保存于古乡一带的终碛-侧碛垄,已有的宇宙成因核素10Be暴露测年结果显示其发生于海洋氧同位素阶段(MIS)6.然而,古乡冰期时波堆藏布江流域冰川作用范围、冰量及平衡线高度(ELA)等关键信息,仍有待...     

黏土涂抹充填方法评价断层封闭性研究

断层封闭性的评价是研究控制油气运聚的断裂输导体系的核心问题.黏土涂抹充填评价方法是评价断层封闭性的方法之一.断层封闭与否的机理是断裂带及断层两盘存在排驱压力差,黏土涂抹充填方法将断裂带中的泥质百分含量与排驱压力差的相关关系很好地反映出来.列举影响断层封闭性的诸多要素,探讨因黏土涂抹充填封闭断层的机理,进而总结了国内外用黏土涂抹充填方法研究断层封闭性的进展,重点讨论了断层泥比率法（SGR）及与其相关的定量评价方法.