草场分类原理的计算机实现

本文论述了有关草资源调查的草原分类原理在计算机上实施的可能性,及如何利用辅助数据和影象数据复合技术问题,并以藏北高寒牧区大面积、高精度的草资源调查计算机分类的实例予以验证。     

环青海湖地区天然牧草对水分条件的反应特性

本文利用铁卜加1987-1996年的气象、牧草资料，对环青海湖地区山地草原草场5种天然牧草在不同水分丰枯年份的生长、发育和产量形成状况进行对比分析，结果表明：环湖地区山地草原草场中紫花针茅、冷地早熟禾、干生苔草、猪毛蒿、天山赖草、杂草产量比例为8：15：15：16：18：28。5种天然牧草的发育期、生长高度和产量形成对水分条件表现出不同的反应，天山赖草最耐旱；干生苔草次之；猪毛蒿和紫花针茅的抗旱性相当；冷地早熟禾对水分条件的反应最为敏感。     

科尔沁草原羊草生态条件和净初级生产综合研究

羊草是我区科尔沁草原（哲盟、兴安盟）主要的天然植被。依据１９８１—１９９５年当地气象资料和１９８５—１９９０年１１个样点、４１个子样点试验调查，对羊草生态条件和净初级生产进行综合研究。结果表明，当地气温、光照、降水都能满足羊草正常生长。地面净初级生产与降水呈明显线性关系，２２个高、中产样点分布在中温带多雨区，年产量每平方米达１２０克以上；１９个低产样点分布在少雨区，每平方米年产量在１００克以下。４１个子样点统计，每平方米产量７１．５—１９６．４克。     

南、北半球的沙漠和沙漠化

世界自然地理图显示,除寒漠外全球大沙漠大部分位于热带。科学文献划分出极端干旱沙漠、半干旱沙漠和边缘沙漠带,但这些带之间的界线并非固定不变,并且常常受不同的观察者的主观和经验所影响。例如,相对于撒哈拉大沙漠区的居民来说,北美沙漠的许多地方似乎有很丰茂的植被。可见人们对于沙漠的理解有多大的相对性。     

二氧化碳倍增对草被冠层的光合与蒸散的影响

二氧化碳倍增对草被冠层的光合与蒸散的影响Ｄ．Ｎｉｅ等（美国乔治亚大学农学系）１引言地球大气中ＣＯ２含量在迅速上升（Ｍｉｔｃｈｅｌｌ，１９８９），它对多种农林作物的影响已作了很好的研究，而对北美大陆中部温带草原区的植物研究较少，这个地区包括了美国从墨西...     

CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> processes in an alpine grassland ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau

In this paper, the CO2 concentrations profile from 1.5 m depth in soil to 32 m height in atmosphere were measured from July 2000 to July 2001 in an alpine grassland ecosystem located in the permafrost area on the Tibetan Plateau, which revealed that CO2 concentrations varied greatly during this study period. Mean concentrations during the whole experiment in the atmosphere were absolutely lower than the CO2 concentrations in soil, which resulted in CO2 emissions from the alpine steppe soil to the atmosphere. The highest CO2 concentration was found at a depth of 1.5 m in soil while the lowest CO2 concentration occurred in the atmosphere. Mean CO2 concentrations in soil generally increased with depth. This was the compositive influence of the increasing soil moistures and decreasing soil pH, which induced the increasing biological activities with depth. Temporally, the CO2 concentrations at different layers in air remained a more steady state because of the atmospheric turbulent milking. During the seasonal variations, CO2 concentrations at surface soil interface showed symmetrical patterns, with the lowest accumulation of CO2 occurring in the late winter and the highest CO2 concentration in the growine seasons.     

锡盟草原生态系统退化探析

锡盟草原的退化对生态环境的影响越来越大,也越来越受到人们的关注。文章针对锡盟草原生态系统的退化现状,从气候和人为因素两方面分析了锡盟草原生态系统退化原因,提出了退化草原生态系统的恢复措施。     

陈列在阿拉套山东端南麓的花岗岩雕琢工艺品——博乐怪石沟

每逢六月，是博尔塔拉大草原最美丽的季节，广阔无垠的草原上盛开着各种鲜花，争奇斗妍。湛蓝的湖面上映衬着雪山倒影、浑然一体。饱览眼前美仑美奂的胜景过后，总忘不了博乐市东北角那片神秘奇特的花岗岩地质景观。     

Study of Aerodynamic Parameters on Different Underling Surfaces

Aerodynamic parameters including the zero-plane displacement (d), roughness length (20), and friction velocity (u*) on the different underlying surfaces of heavy-grazing site, medium-grazing site, light-grazing site, no-grazing site, dune, inter-dune, grassland, rice paddy site, wheat site, soybean site, and maize site have been computed based on the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory by utilizing the micrometeorologically observed data of dune and vegetation in the semi-arid area at Naiman, Inner Mongolia of China, conducted jointly by the Institute of Desert Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences of Japan in 1990-1994. And their relationships between wind speed and Richardson number are analyzed. The aerodynamic characteristics of different man-made disturbed grassland ecosystems are also compared. Result shows that the vegetation coverage and the above-ground biomass decrease with the increase in man-made stress of the grassland. The roughness length for different underlying surfaces is closely related to vegetation height, above-ground biomass, and ground surface undulation, and Richardson number Ri is also its influencing factor. The friction velocity varies largely on different underlying surfaces, and it is positively proportional to wind speed and roughness length. The aerodynamic parameters of various times on the same underlying surface are different, too. Above results indicate that grassland and vegetation are of significance in preventing desertification, especially in the arid and semi-arid land ecosystems. And the results of this paper are also important for constructing the land surface physical process as well as regional climate model.