黑潮入侵优化对南海北部中尺度涡旋模拟的影响

基于高分辨率海洋环流模式,通过比较吕宋海峡处地形优化后的黑潮入侵形态和强度不同的试验,我们研究了黑潮入侵优化后对南海中尺度涡模拟的影响。我们发现黑潮入侵的减弱导致了涡旋活动的减弱,这使得模式结果与观测结果更为相近。在这种情况下,模式模拟的吕宋海峡西部及北部陆坡区域的涡动动能明显减弱。模式涡动动能的减弱与模式反气旋式涡数量的减少和气旋式涡强度的减弱有关。涡动动能收支的分析进一步表明,黑潮入侵的优化将通过改变水平速度切变和温跃层斜率来改变涡动动能,而这两个参数分别与正压和斜压不稳定性有关。前者在模式涡动动能减弱中起着更为重要的作用,而黑潮入侵导致的涡动动能的水平输送对吕宋海峡西部区域的能量收支同样起着重要的作用。     

巽他海峡的水交换过程研究

巽他海峡是爪哇海与东印度洋进行水交换的重要西部通道,其水交换过程与两侧水团性质和环流有密切关系。本研究基于巽他海峡及其附近海域的观测和遥感再分析数据,分析了爪哇海与印度洋通过巽他海峡进行水交换的多时间尺度变化规律,并探讨了局地和大尺度过程对水体输运的影响。研究表明,巽他海峡贯穿流主要由流出爪哇海的年均南向流与随季风南北转向的季节反向流组成,并存在显著的季节内变化。2008—2016年期间,巽他海峡贯穿流3次观测的年均流量分别为(-0.31±0.34),(-0.27±0.43)和(-0.49±0.31)Sv(负号代表流出爪哇海)。巽他海峡贯穿流与局地风和海峡两侧海表面高度梯度密切相关,因此采用多元回归重构了1993—2017年水体输运时间序列,并计算出25 a的平均流量为(-0.37±0.43)Sv。研究也表明,巽他海峡水体输运的年际变化异常与ENSO,IOD相关。     

喀拉海峡潮-地相互作用激发非线性内波的数值模拟

Nonlinear internal waves(NIWs) are ubiquitous around the Kara Sea, a part of the Arctic Ocean that is north of Siberia. Three hot spot sources for internal waves, one of which is the Kara Strait, have been identified based on Envisat ASAR. The generation and evolution of the NIWs through the interactions of the tide and topography across the strait is studied based on a nonhydrostatic numerical model. The model captures most wave characteristics shown by satellite data. A typical inter-packets distance on the Barents Sea side is about 25 km in summer, with a phase speed about 0.65 m/s. A northward background current may intensify the accumulation of energy during generation, but it has little influence on the other properties of the generated waves. The single internal solitary wave(ISW) structure is a special phenomenon that follows major wave trains, with a distance about 5–8 km. This wave is generated with the leading wave packets during the same tidal period. When a steady current toward the Kara Sea is included, the basic generation process is similar, but the waves toward the Kara Sea weaken and display an internal bore-like structure with smaller amplitude than in the control experiment. In winter, due to the growth of sea ice, stratification across the Kara Strait is mainly determined by the salinity, with an almost uniform temperature close to freezing. A pycnocline deepens near the middle of the water depth(Barents Sea side), and the NIWs process is not as important as the NIWs process in summer. There is no fission process during the simulation.     

Significant salinity increase in subsurface waters of the South China Sea during 2016–2017

The South China Sea(SCS) is the largest semi-enclosed marginal sea in the North Pacific. Salinity changes in the SCS play an important role in regional and global ocean circulation and the hydrological cycle. However, there are few studies on salinity changes over the SCS due to lack of high-quality and long-term observations. In the past decade, the deployment of floats from the Argo program in the SCS and their accumulated temperature and salinity profiles have made it possible for us to examine salinity changes over the entire basin. In this study,salinity changes were investigated with Argo and underwater glider temperature and salinity observations and gridded temperature–salinity objective analyses(UK Met Office Hadley Centre EN4.2.1 objective analysis and China Argo Real-time Data Center BOA_Argo). The results indicated that the subsurface water in the entire SCS became significantly saltier during 2016–2017. The most significant salinity increase was found during 2016 in the northeastern SCS. The subsurface water in the northeastern SCS exhibited a salinity maximum above 35, which was recorded by three Argo floats during 2015–2016. Such high salinity water was rarely observed and reported prior to the Argo era. Average salinity of 2016–2017 along the 25.5σ_θ–23.5σ_θ isopycnal surfaces in the whole SCS is 0.014-0.130 higher than the climatology. Increases in subsurface salinity started from the northeastern SCS and extended southwestward gradually. Moreover, the subsurface salinity changes, especially in the northern SCS,exhibited a semiannual lead behind the subsurface Luzon Strait transport. Further analysis indicated that the predominance of advection, driven by subsurface Luzon Strait transport, led to salinification along the western boundary of the SCS. In other parts of the SCS, negative wind stress curl trends tended to preserve the high salinity characteristics of the subsurface water.     

3种海面风场资料在吕宋海峡的比较与评估

利用1990—2014年的ICOADS观测资料,从空间分布、季节变化和不同风速风向特征等角度,对3种海面风场资料(ERA-I、CCMP、CFSR)在吕宋海峡处的风速和风向质量进行了较为全面详细的对比和评估。主要结论如下:(1)3种风场资料在吕宋海峡处风速整体偏小,海峡中部误差较小,南北两端误差较大;均方根误差季节变化显著,6月最小,12月最大;(2)风速误差随不同风速、不同风向而不同,整体呈现高风速时风速较观测偏大,低风速时风速偏小的特点,且低风速段误差较小,高风速段误差随风速增大而增大;(3)3种风场资料在吕宋海峡处风向整体偏右,海峡中部误差较小,南北两端误差较大;季节变化显著,12月最小,5月最大;(4)风向误差随不同风速、不同风向而不同,偏北方向,风向偏右;偏东方向,低风速段风向偏右,高风速段风向偏左;偏南方向,低风速段风向偏左,高风速段风向偏右;偏西方向,风向呈偏左状态。风向误差整体随风速的增大而减小;(5)综合比较,CCMP的风速、风向资料质量均好于其他两种资料。     

南极半岛太平洋边缘布兰斯菲尔德海峡地区的构造作用和深部结构

南极半岛是南极洲西部最大的区域,在研究冈瓦纳大陆解体历史方面具有关键作用。在冈瓦纳大陆解体之前,南极半岛是南美洲安地斯山系最南端的部分。冈瓦纳大陆解体之后至今,西南极洲以及邻近的Bellinsghausen海、Drake海道是研究诸如大洋岩石圈扩张与俯冲、与近来岩浆一火山作用相关的大陆边缘裂谷作用等现在正在进行着的构造作用过程的独特的地球动力学实验室。     

Ana滑坡（地中海西部Eivissa海峡的巴利阿里陆缘）的触发机制分析

Ana滑坡位于Eivissa海峡（西地中海）巴利阿里陆缘沉积速率低的碳酸盐陆坡上,在这个地区还发现了其它一些具有相同滑动层位的滑坡,表明它们可能是在同一时期内被同样的机制触发的。在Ana滑坡的滑坡后壁区,地震反射剖面上识别出的无声波反射带遮掩了滑坡下的层状相,这可能是有天然气存在的指示。此外,在滑坡后壁区出现的麻坑表明晚第四纪上部沉积层序中流体的排出作用与Ana滑坡的形成有密切关系。     

从"瓦萨"号到"哥德堡"号

<正>"瓦萨"号在国王码头举行盛大首航仪式,然而,只张开10张帆中4张帆的"瓦萨"号,在驶离码头仅1000多米,即在一阵海风吹袭下,船体倾斜,于一片尖叫声中沉入海底。从丹麦哥本哈根北部小镇赫尔兹堡搭轮渡,不用出示护照就能登上开往瑞典的大船,20分钟后船就靠上了瑞典一边的码头,丹麦和瑞典就隔着厄勒海峡不足20千米这一点距离。瑞典,天高云低,地广人稀,让人想起瑞典人创作的那首《大大世界》(Big Big World),如果没人反对,我宁愿将这首享誉全球的     

百年海洋观测站的诉说

在厦鼓海峡（俗称鹭江海峡）的鼓浪屿西南侧的海中，距郑成功雕像北约500米处，有一座大小圆形叠加的蘑菇状的特殊建筑别具一格，那就是国家海洋局厦门海洋环境监测站。由于它处于鼓浪屿风景区的核心区，所以特别引人注目。     

基于HHT的吕宋岛西北海域叶绿素浓度及相关环境物理要素的多时间尺度分析

利用基于集合经验模态分解(EEMD)方法而改进的Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)方法,分析了吕宋岛西北海域从1997年9月至2009年7月近12年的月平均遥感叶绿素浓度观测序列以及相关环境物理要素时间序列,分离出各要素的特征振荡模态(IMFs);在此基础上以叶绿素与相关要素间具有相同或相近频率的IMF对偶之间相位差余弦值的方差为指标,探讨了该海域叶绿素浓度与环境场之间的联系。结果表明:1)海区各研究变量都具有明显的季节和年际振荡特征,叶绿素准年周期模态方差贡献达81%,年际变化中准两年振荡是海区诸要素共同的波动类型,此外叶绿素浓度还具有4年左右周期的振荡。2)除埃克曼抽吸速度在准年周期振荡上与叶绿素浓度显著正相关、Nio3区海表温度在准两年周期上有弱的正相关关系外,其余要素均与叶绿素浓度在不同时间尺度上呈负相关关系。这些结果说明HHT是气候序列多时间尺度分析中的一种有力工具。