一、P20 一般性问题

CH20111230一种基于交通网络的时空棱柱表示=ANew Representation of Space Ti me Prism Based on Trans-portation Network/戚铭尧,樊艳伟,彭昕,杨晶(清华大学深圳研究生院物流与管     

二、P21 普通测量学、地形测量学

CH20111321方向差交会中水平位移可靠算法研究=Study on Reliable Algorithmfor Horizontal Displacement inDirection Difference Intersection/陈德标(丽水职业技术学院)∥     

北京市经济普查地理信息系统获亚洲地理空间杰出奖

在近日举办的2011亚洲地理空间论坛上．GIS厂商超图软件研发的北京市经济普查地理信息系统荣获“亚洲地理空间杰出奖”。     

1979～2008年徐州市城市空间扩展及驱动因素分析

以遥感和GIS为技术支撑,基于1979～1988,1998～2008年遥感影像资料,对徐州市近30年城市扩展信息进行提取,并分析该时段城市空间扩展特征及其驱动因素。结果显示：自1979年至2008年,徐州市建成区面积以每年5.57km2高速扩展,其中1998～2008年的扩展强度最大。主要扩展方向为从西北到东南轴向,紧凑度与分形维数都有逐渐缩小的趋势。城市扩展弹性指数与合理值的差值有扩大趋势。经济因素、人口因素、交通因素是影响城市扩展的主要驱动因素。     

Characteristics and variations of the picophytoplankton community in the Arctic Ocean

Picophytoplankton are responsible for much of the carbon fixation process in the Arctic Ocean, and they play an im- portant role in active microbial food webs. The climate of the Arctic Ocean has changed in recent years, and picophytoplankton, as the most vulnerable part of the high-latitude pelagic ecosystem, have been the focus of an increasing number of scientific studies. This paper reviews and summarizes research on the characteristics of picophytoplankton in the Arctic Ocean, including their abundance, biomass, spatial distribution, seasonal variation, commtmity structure, and factors influencing their growth. The impact of climate change on the Arctic Ocean picophytoplankton community is discussed, and future research directions are considered.     

Eco-environmental spatial characteristics of Fildes Peninsula based on TuPu models

This study applies a TuPu analysis to investigate ecological and environmental aspects of an Antarctic ice-free area, using Fildes Peninsula as an example. The TuPu unit was determined using a vector-grid mixed data model. Information from the eco-environment elements was effectively extracted, and was generalized into different classes by means of data mining technol- ogy. A series of single-factor thematic information TuPu models, such as topography, soil, animal and vegetation, and human activities for Fildes Peninsula were built in this study. The topography TuPu model contained information on elevation and slope. The soil TuPu model involved soil development stages and soil thickness information. The animal and vegetation TuPu model contained the distribution of animals, plant types, lichen cover and lichen height. The human activities TuPu model included popu- lation density and human disturbance index information. The landscape comprehensive information TuPu model of Fildes Penin- sula also was established, and contains twenty-nine landscape units and twelve types of combined environments. The study quan- titatively revealed the spatial morphology and correlation of the regional eco-environment based on the analysis of these TuPu models. From these models, we can draw the conclusion that there is a regular differentiation of eco-environment from the coastal bands to the central hills in Fildes Peninsula, and that the eco-environment condition of the eastern coasts is different from that of the western coasts. The eco-environmental spatial variation also differs greatly from north to south. Based on analysis of spatial correlation, the vegetation in Fildes Peninsula has the greatest correlation with human activity, and has a certain correlation with topography and soil. This research may provide a new technical approach and scientific basis for the in-depth study of Antarctic eco-environments.     

土地利用／覆盖变化空间直观模拟精度检验与不确定性分析——以北京都市区为例

空间直观模拟（SEM）在土地利用／覆盖（LULC）与城市化、都市环境保护和土地资源管理等具有重要作用,但模拟与预测中的不确定性日益突出,模型的可靠性和不确定性分析却显得不足和滞后．不确定性也是导致政府决策部门和公众不能有效获取可靠预测信息的重要原因．对此,本研究通过建立SEM和预测不确定性分析方案、基于空间位置和数量的系列Kappa系数检验和尺度敏感性测度,以北京都市区为例分析了与空间直观模型紧密相关的不确定性的来源,考虑了空间尺度不确定性．研究结果证明,空间信息传递的方向性和渐变性导致了SEM的空间位置的不确定性,并决定了空间直观模型的模拟与预测精度对不同时空尺度的敏感性响应．     

国家经济增速与国家竞争力/影响力的时空关系

经济发展速度一直是各国家经济发展水平的重要测度指标,但国家经济增速与国家竞争/影响力之间的关系及可能的阈值需要进行深入地研究,尤其是在中国经济增速下滑的背景下,迫切需要阐释经济增速下降是否影响国家竞争力/影响力。在评述既有研究进展的基础上,采用时空分析路径,探讨国家经济发展速度与国家竞争力/影响力的时空关系。首先,从历史的角度分析了15世纪以来世界权力中心的演变路径,考察了英国、美国等世界权力中心的国家经济增速变化,总结其发展规律,考察国家影响力与国家经济增速之间的对应关系。然后着眼于空间视角,考察目前国家经济增速与国家竞争力的空间分异,尤其是考察两者之间关系的分异关系,总结主要特征与规律。研究发现国家经济增速与国家影响力之间并非存在严格的线性关系,但国家影响力的培育与强化仍需要一定的经济增速进行支撑,而国家经济增速与国家竞争力之间呈现逆向的对应关系,经济高速增长的国家往往竞争力较低,竞争力较高的国家往往有较低的经济增速甚至负增长。