大直径风动潜孔锤中深并孔钻进的可行性分析

文中介绍了目前国内外风动潜孔锤钻进工艺的现状和技术水平.对已施工的4个水井作了技术分析,计算了不同孔深、不同直径潜孔锤所需风量、风压参数,阐明了空气泡沫钻进的重大意义,论述了完成钻进中深井孔的可行性和经济效果,探讨了相应的钻进工艺.     

空气泡沫钻进在复杂地层的生产应用

本文介绍了空气泡沫钻进工艺在南乡、高龙两矿区的应用及取得的成效。文中详细叙述了采用这一新技术所需的设备、材料,发泡剂、稳泡剂、防塌添加剂的选择及配方,管路系统的连接,钻进参数及金刚石钻头的选择与使用,以及试验中探索的泡沫的防塌护壁和携带岩粉能力、返泡时间掌握、清孔排渣方法、泡沫液的回收再用等工艺技术问题。     

Study on Size Distributions of Airborne Particles by Aircraft Observation in Spring over Eastern Coastal Areas of China

The authors studied the size distributions of particles at an altitude of 2000 m by aircraft observation over eastern costal areas of China from Zhuhai, Guangdong to Dalian, Liaoning (0.3,7-30μm, 57 channels,including number concentration distribution, surface area concentration distribution and mass concentration distribution). In these cities, the average daily concentrations of PM10 are very high. They are among the most heavily polluted cities in China. The main pollution sources are anthropogenic activities such as wood, coal and oil burning. The observed size distributions show a broad spectrum and unique multi-peak characteristics, indicating no significant impacts of individual sources from urban areas. These results are far different from the distribution type at ground level. It may reflect the comprehensive effect of the regional pollution characteristics. Monitoring results over big cities could to some extent reflect their pollution characteristics.     

海底沉积物中不同形式烃类气体的地球化学意义

顶空气法和酸解烃法将东沙群岛海域海底浅表层沉积物中不同形式的烃类气体释放出来,通过分析两类气体在沉积物中的含量及其甲烷碳同位素,发现两类气体的成因和来源不同。笔者认为,相对而言,吸附气(包裹气)反映的是一种更为早期的信息,而游离气(溶解气)则更具有“现代性”。笔者进一步认为,两类气体的不同形成过程,对于天然气水合物调查具有不同的意义,其中游离气(溶解气)具有直接的指示意义,而吸附气(包裹气)可能指示成岩时沉积物中的空间信息。     

空气泡沫钻进技术在地质岩心钻探中的应用前景

基于实钻研究，分析空气泡沫钻进技术在地质岩心钻探中应用的技术优势和社会经济意义；根据我国应用现状，提出推广应用的方向和发展前景。     

The simulation of airborne disease virus transmission in group buildings

With the densification of population and the deterioration of urban ecological cycle, the airborne disease virus is becoming a new crisis for human. It is well known that airborne disease virus such as smallpox, hives, mumps and SARS can cause respiratory disease by the aerosol of sneezes or cough of infected person. The pathogens release virus aerosol to the environment. If the virus can live some time in the air, it can go with air flowing far away. The aim of the present research is to simulate the transportation of airborne disease virus in a group of buildings by taking into account the time-dependent virus aerosol source. A commonly used virus-host dynamical model is introduced to simulate the time-dependent development of virus aerosol releasing process. The wind velocity field is described by the continuity equation, momentum equation and turbulence model to enclose the Reynolds stress in the momentum equation. The RNG model is used in all simulations. The aerosol of microbial pollutant is assumed flowing at the same velocity as the air. The computation time is one life cycle of virus T. We assume that the pathogens release virus aerosol at the upper wall of building A. The conclusions are： （1） The microbial pollutant begins to be discharged after its delitescence 1/12 T. As the virus goes into logarithmic growth period, the concentration of virus and the pathogenic area increase very fast. After entering the virus decay period （1/3 T）, the pathogenic area decreases. It should be noticed that no secondary infection is considered in present simulation. Generally, as the virus concentration is above the pathogenic concentration, new pathogens will be infected and release virus aerosol to the environment. With the increase of new pathogens, the pathogenic area would increase very fast and finally result in the outbreak of infection.     

环境210Pb研究新进展

210Pb等核素对于大气物质传输途径、流域侵蚀作用和水体沉积过程有重要示踪价值.认识它们在环境运移过程的作用机理、速率和通量是示踪研究的基本内容.我们最新的研究进展主要有1)取得采样及分析数据的国际可比性;2)揭示黔中地区近地面空气210Pb呈现高浓度U型年分布特征;3)获得青海瓦里及山关顶部7Be的高浓度分布;气流强下沉影响在观风山的滞后性和低海拔气团上升影响在瓦里关山的滞后性;4)模拟显示210Pb在一些地区近地面空气的高浓度分布和在全球的高沉降通量环带分布;5)揭示富营养湖泊出现的微粒清洗效应及210Pbex对湖泊生产力变化的示踪价值.     

马鞍山蒙牛现代牧场水井气动潜孔锤钻井技术

使用英卡符索兰VHP750型空压机，采用气动潜孔锤钻进方法，为马鞍山蒙牛现代牧场完成基岩供水井4眼。介绍了施工技术方法及施工中应注意的几个问题。