Influence of Seawater Temperature on Phytoplankton Growth in Jiaozhou Bay, China

The phytoplankton reproduction capacity (PRC), as a new concept regarding chlorophyll-a and primary production (PP) is described. PRC is different from PP, carbon assimilation number (CAN) or photosynthetic rate ( P^B ) . PRC quantifies phytoplankton growth with a special consideration of the effect of seawater temperature. Observation data in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China, collected from May 1991 to February 1994 were used to analyze the horizontal distribution and seasonal variation of the PRC in Jiaozhou Bay in order to determine the characteristics, dynamic cycles and trends of phytoplankton growth in Jiaozhou Bay; and to develop a corresponding dynamic model of seawater temperature vs. PRC. Simulation curves showed that seawater temperature has a dual function of limiting and enhancing PRC. PRC‘s periodicity and fluctuation are similar to those of the seawater temperature. Nutrient silicon in Jiaozhou Bay satisfies phytoplankton growth from June 7 to November 3. When nutrients N, P and Si satisfy the phytoplankton growth and solar irradiation is sufficient, the PRC would reflect the influence of seawater temperature on phytoplankton growth. Moreover, the result quantitatively explains the scenario of one-peak or two-peak phytoplankton reproduction in Jiaozhou Bay, and also quantitatively elucidates the internal mechanism of the one- or two-peak phytoplankton reproduction in the global marine areas.     

Stress Responses to Rapid Temperature Changes of the Juvenile Sea Cucumber （Apostichopusjaponicus Selenka）

Activities of hexokinase （HK）, pyruvate kinase （PK）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） and Hsp70 level were measured to evaluate the response of the commercially important sea cucumber （Apostichopus japonicus Selenka） to rapid temperature changes in laboratory. Animals were subjected to a higher temperature （from 10 to 20℃） （Tinc treatment） or to a lower temperature （from 20 to 10℃） （Tddec treatment） for 72 h. At 1, 3, 12, 24, 72 h of exposure, animals were removed and prepared for further analysis. Results showed that the effect of acute temperature changes on enzyme activities was significant. In Tinc treatment, activities of SOD and CAT increased immediately. The significant enhancement of SOD and CAT activities suggested that oxidative stress increases significantly when ambient temperature increasing from 10 to 20℃. The up-regulation of Flsp70 in Tinc and Tdec treatments indicated that Hsp70 was a bioindicator of thermal stress in the sea cucumber, and the expression pattern depended on the thermal treatment.     

基于虚拟植物的幼龄杉木生长模拟

 为估算树木在不同生长环境下的生长量及评价树木与环境之间的相互关系,本文以幼龄杉木为对象,从个体尺度上,根据形态结构生长发育规律,定义了幼龄杉木生长的基本单元,耦合用于表达树木形态发育的L-系统和生理生态模型,形成了L-系统的杉木结构-功能模型。在LSTree软件基础上,集成光合作用、生物量分配等模型,扩展了冠层光合有效辐射(PAR)的空间分布模拟,计算每个叶片上分布的PAR值,为光合作用模型提供核心参数。以福州3-4年生杉木的生长盛期为例,计算不同时刻净光合速率,从而计算各生长阶段的生物量,再把生物量分配到各器官。在生物量驱动下,树木形态结构发生变化,通过迭代,实现生物量驱动下的树木动态生长模拟。净光合速率估算结果与已有相关研究对比,比较合理。这种方法可定量分析、解释植物与环境之间关系。     

民族种业,差距在哪里?

自2001年实施《种子法》、国内种业市场开放以来,跨国种业公司纷纷来华开展业务、抢占市场。美国的孟山都、先锋,瑞士的先正达,法国的利马格兰,德国的KWS、拜耳……据统计,外国玉米种子在我国市场的市场份额,已从2001年的0.13%,迅速扩大到2011年的11%,10年间扩大了80多倍……与跨国公司相比,民族种业差距何在?"差距不仅表现在企业的规模上,更体现在机制和模式上。"农业部种子管理局副局长廖西元指出,育种是种业的核心,我国目前的种     

植物正构烷烃及其单体氢同位素在古环境研究中的应用

正构烷烃是植物类脂的重要组成部分,主要用来维持叶片表面的水分平衡,其平均碳链长度(ACL)作为植物对水分胁迫程度的生理性反映,与植物进化程度存在表观上的联系。高等植物来源烷烃的ACL高于低等植物和水生藻类,裸子植物高于被子植物,C4植物高于C3植物,因此植物正构烷烃具备粗略的植物分类学意义,并在古环境研究中被广泛应用。在河口和海洋沉积物中主要用来判断水生低等植物和陆地高等植物的相对贡献,在古土壤中则用来区分草本/木本植物的消长变化。植物烷烃中的氢元素主要来自光合作用时吸收的环境水,其δD主要受环境条件和生物化学过程影响,但环境条件、气候状况和植被类型的影响可以在很大程度上相互抵消,使烷烃δD具有记录大气降水δD的潜力,从而可以用来重建大气降水δD并反演气候变化。     

努力打造生态环保路——信南高速公路建设生态环保路纪实

河南省信阳至南阳高速公路项目令长183公里，起于信阳市乎桥区，止于南阳市卧龙区辛店北，自东向西横穿信阳，驻马店、南阳三市六县区。信阳毫泌阳段为山陵微丘区，植物茂盛，风景秀丽，湖泊泽塘、星罗棋布，生态效益显著；泌阳至南阳段地处南阳盆地，土地肥沃、地势平坦，适宜各类植物生长，加上人口集中，人多地少矛盾尤为突出。高速公路建设为线型工程，线长、点多、而广，工程建设必然对沿线生态和环保带来一定影响。信南高速公路项目从初步设计人手，加强施工全过程管理，实现了工稃建设和生态、环境保护的良性发展。     

Biodiversity and invasibility: Distribution patterns of invasive plant species in the Himalayas,Nepal

Invasive plant species are exerting a serious threat to biological diversity in many regions of the world. To understand plant invasions this study aims to test which of the two plant invasiveness hypotheses; ‘low native diversity' vs. ‘high native diversity', is supported by the regional distribution patterns of invasive plant species in the Himalayas,Nepal. This study is based on data retrieved from published literatures and herbarium specimens. The relationship between invasive plant species distribution patterns and that of native plant species is elucidated by scatter plots, as well as by generalized linear models. The native plant species and invasive plant species have similar distribution patterns and the maximum number of invasive plant species is found in the same altitudinal range where the highest richness for native tree species is found. There is a clear trend of higher invasive plant richness in regions where native tree species richness is relatively high.Consequently, the native plant richness is highest in the central phytogeographic region, followed by the eastern and the western regions, respectively. The invasive plant species also follows a similar trend.Additionally, the invasive plant species richness was positively correlated with anthropogenic factors such as human population density and the number of visiting tourists. This study supports the hypothesis that ‘high native diversity' supports or facilitates invasive plant species. Further, it indicates that nativeand invasive plant species may require similar natural conditions, but that the invasive plant species seem more dependent and influenced by anthropogenic disturbance factors.     

黄金新药源与豫西含金植物

黄金可以入药，历代本草均有记载。但因不溶性金被人体吸收极微，内服有一定毒性，加之其价格昂贵及一些药理学和比较复杂的检测处理与技术加工问题，不能普遍应用。自然界许多动植物都是聚金能手，特别是生长于富金岩石及金矿床风化土壤中的植物含金一般较高，部分动物因以含金植物为食，体内也含一定量的金，并且有些动植物本身就是中药材和食物。据此建议采取一定手段将含金较高、但未达工业品级的岩石，通过生物循环把金聚集至动、植物体内，金与动植物体内蛋白质等有机质结合成金的有机络合物，将此类动植物用于医疗或食疗，既可减小金的毒性，便于人体吸收，又可把未达工业品级的含金岩石利用起来。豫西某构造蚀变岩金矿，其上覆土壤中生长着含金植物，这些植物灰分中含金４×１０－９～９８×１０－９，其中以野苋菜的籽和叶灰分中含金最高（含金７５×１０－９～９８×１０－９），看来在本区用野苋菜籽和叶灰分中金含量进行找矿是可行的     

西北干旱区SG-SPAC系统水力模型的建立

文章论述了西北干旱区水资源的特点，利用现代农田水分研究方法研究了干旱区地表水、地下水、土壤、植物、大气连续体（SG－SPAC）系统的水分转化规律，建立了地表水、地下水和土壤水之间的水力耦合模型，为干旱区的水资源规划、开发和生态环境保护奠定了科学的基础。