不同水位垂直流人工湿地中植物及微生物特征

利用4个连续进水的垂直流人工湿地,比较分析水位对污染物去除效果的影响,研究湿地中植物对氮磷去除的贡献,阐析湿地中脱氮功能菌数量的演变规律。3个湿地栽种黄花鸢尾,水位分别控制在19、51和84cm,另一个湿地不栽种植物,水位为51cm。结果表明,水位对氮和有机物的去除有显著影响(p<0.05),栽种植物的湿地中,51cm水位时总氮去除率(67.4%～79.2%)最高,19cm水位时氨氮(85.3%～93.0%)和COD(81.8%～92.9%)去除效果最好。试验中黄花鸢尾均生长良好,植物吸收对总氮(Total nitrogen,简称TN)和总磷(Total phosphorus,简称TP)去除的贡献分别为19.2%～27.3%和14.7%～19.2%;植物地上部分发挥更重要作用,其TN和TP含量及对TN和TP的吸收量均高于地下部分。湿地表层基质中3种脱氮功能菌数量均随运行时间的增加而显著提高,亚硝化细菌和硝化细菌数量分别为10~4～10~6和10~5～10~7 MPN/g,随水位升高而减少;反硝化细菌数量为10~3～10~6 MPN/g,随水位升高而增加。     

比色法测定海藻植物促生长剂中甜菜碱的含量

为了对商品化的海藻植物促生长剂中甜菜碱的含量进行测定,利用酸性条件下甜菜碱能与雷氏盐发生特异性反应,生成的络合物在λ525nm有最大吸收的特征,用比色法来检测甜菜碱的含量,并对测定条件、络合物的稳定性、方法的回收率进行了系统研究。结果表明,标准曲线的相关系数为0.9985,平均加标回收率是99.07%。用此方法测定了国内外7种海藻植物促生长剂产品中甜菜碱的含量,其中1号样品甜菜碱质量比最低,为0.6193mg/g,6号样品甜菜碱质量比最高,为120.4163mg/g。此方法能快速、简便、准确地测定海藻植物促生长剂中甜菜碱的含量。     

Preliminary study on different nutrient pools supplies for the phytoplankton growth in the Jiaozhou Bay in China in the fall of 2004

The source and significance of two nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorous, were investigated by a modified dilution method performed on seawater samples from the Jiaozhou Bay, in autumn 2004. This modified dilution method accounted for the phytoplankton growth rate, microzooplankton grazing mortality rate, the internal and external nutrient pools, as well as nutrient supplied through remineralization by microzooplankton. The results indicated that the phytoplankton net growth rate increased in turn from inside the bay, to outside the bay, to in the Xiaogang Harbor. The phytoplankton maximum growth rates and microzooplankton grazing mortality rates were 1.14 and 0.92 d-1 outside the bay, 0.42 and 0.32 d-1 inside the bay and 0.98 and 0.62 d-1 in the harbor respectively. Outside the bay, the remineralized nitrogen (Kr=24.49) had heavy influence on the growth of the phytoplankton. Inside the bay, the remineralized phosphorus(Kr=3.49) strongly affected the phytoplankton growth. In the harbor, the remineralized phosphorus (Kr=3.73) was in larger demand by phytoplankton growth. The results demonstrated that the different nutrients pools supplied for phytoplankton growth were greatly in accordance with the phytoplankton community structure, microzooplankton grazing mortality rates and environmental conditions. It is revealed that nutrient remineralization is much more important for the phytoplankton growth in the Jiaozhou Bay than previously believed.     

Micromorphology of solonetzic horizons as related to environmental events in the Caspian Lowland

Micromorphology of solonetz species with special attention to natric horizon was studied in microcatenas at the Dzhanybek Research Station （northwestern Caspian Lowland）. The solonetzic （natric） horizon is easily identified, and it occurs at varying depths, which are the criteria for subdividing solonetzes into 4 species, namely, crusty, shallow, medium and deep. In this sequence, the depth of humus-accumulative horizons increases, and the upper boundary of salinity manifestations goes down. The following micromorphological features are assumed as typical for natric horizons： angular blocky microstructures with partially accommodated aggregates having sharp boundaries and narrow plane-like packing voids; b-fabric speckled in the aggregates＇ centers and monostriated at their peripheries merging into stress coatings; very few interpedal voids; organo-clay coatings; humus- enriched infillings; no calcite and gypsum pedofeatures. A complete set of ＂natric＂ features was found only in the crusty solonetz; the shallow solonetz lacks only illuviation coatings, while the medium and deep species have several modifications of fabric elements： blocky aggregates have a rounded shape and are penetrated by biogenic channels favoring their further biogenic reworking; plant residues became more abundant and diverse, and blackened tissues occur; illuviation clay coatings evolved into papules; stress coatings gave birth to striated bfabrics, thus maintaining a high plasma orientation. The thin sections of natric horizons made 50 and 20 years ago were examined to study the influence of environmental changes （increase in precipitation and rise of ground water table） on micropedofeatures. The following processes took place： （i） in the topsoil： humus accumulation and biogenic structurization; （ii） in the natric horizon - re-arrangement of clay coatings into micromass b-fabrics; and （iii） in the lower part of the natric horizon - development of pseudosand fabric, calcite and gypsum formation. The trends revealed are in good agreement with the environmental events.     

淹没植物对河道糙率的影响

基于河道水动力及植物柔性变形分析,建立淹没状态下的植物河道糙率计算的理论关系,同时,利用试验资料及理论分析成果,进一步获得了植物河道糙率的附加值,借此可以分析与评价河道植物对水流阻力的影响程度.     

军曹鱼染色体组型分析

为了解军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)的细胞遗传学特征,采用植物血球凝集素(PHA)、秋水仙碱胸腔注射,取头肾细胞经空气干燥法制片,分析了军曹鱼染色体核型。结果表明,军曹鱼核型为:2n=48=48t,染色体总臂数(NF)为48。     

必需脂肪酸在海洋食物链中的作用

"硅藻-桡足类-鱼类"是海洋生态系统中物质循环和能量流动的主要环节[1].在海洋食物链中,饵料的数量和营养价值是各营养级海洋动物生长和繁殖的主要制约因素[2].影响饵料营养价值的化学组分包括蛋白质、脂类、糖类、矿物质、维生素等,其中脂类物质作为浮游植物营养成分的重要组成部分,在动物的细胞膜、视网膜、脑、神经组织和某些激素的合成中具有不可替代的作用[3].     

藻类基因启动子结构与功能研究进展

启动子是基因表达调控重要的顺式元件,其结构与功能的研究成为分子生物学的研究热点之一.本文介绍了植物基因启动子的研究方法与概况,重点综述了藻类基因启动子的研究现状,以及本实验室对节旋藻藻蓝蛋白基因启动子的研究情况,并就启动子研究在基因工程中的应用价值和存在问题进行了讨论.     

Approach to modeling and virtual-reality-based simulation for plant canopy lighting

Over the past 20 years, significant progress has been made in virtual plant modeling corresponding to the rapid advances in information technology. Virtual plant research has broad applications in agronomy, forestry, ecology and remote sensing. As many biological processes are driven by light, it is the key for virtual plant to estimate the light absorbed by each organ. This paper presents the radiance equation suitable for calculating sun and sky light intercepted by plant organs based on the principles of the interaction between light and plant canopy firstly; analyzes the process principles of plant canopy primary lighting based on ray casting and projection secondly; describes the multiple scattering of plant lighting based on Monte Carlo ray tracing method and on the radiosity method thirdly; and confirms the research with 3D visualization based on Virtual Reality Modeling Language （VRML） finally. The research is the primary work of digital agriculture, and important for monitoring and estimating corn growth in Northeast China.     

植物为何能长生不老

在植物的世界里,到处可见年龄达数百、数千岁的老树;而在动物的世界中,即使是被视为长寿象征的乌龟,顶多不过能活几百岁。为什么看似脆弱的植物的寿命反而远比动物的长呢？