二溴—氯偶氮氯膦与钍的显色反应及其应用

研究了在3.2mol/L HCl介质中乙醇或乳化剂OP存在下,DBCCPA与Th(Ⅳ)的显色反应。有色络合物最大吸收峰为644nm,组成比为Th(Ⅳ):DBCCPA=1:2。乙醇存在时ε_(644)=1.13×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),0-13μgTh/25ml范围符合比尔定律;OP存在时,ε_(644)=1.17×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)n,0—12μgTh/25ml范围符合比尔定律。拟定了独居石中Th的测定方法,样品测定结果令人满意。     

纳米镍-铁去除四氯乙烯的影响因素

氯代烃是地下水中最常检出的有机污染物之一,传统的处理方法需要很长时间与大量经费。本文利用批实验的研究方法以四氯乙烯(PCE)为目标污染物,研究纳米镍铁在去除PCE过程中的影响因素。实验结果表明,暴露后的纳米镍铁脱氯速率比不暴露时速率降低约4倍;反应温度是影响反应速率的重要因素之一,每升高10℃,反应速率常数kSA提高2～3倍;在一定范围内,镍/铁质量比越高,越利于脱氯反应的快速进行,镍/铁的质量比为8%左右时,对氯代烃脱氯速率最快;反应液中的溶解氧不利于纳米颗粒对氯代烃的降解。     

氟氯磷灰石固溶体的XRD研究

磷灰石是人与动物硬体(牙、骨、结石)部分的主要无机物,也是一种重要的生物材料.     

Stable isotopes （S, Cl） and hydrochemical variations in a karstic ground water system, Guiyang, SW China

A groundwater system in a karstic terrain is easily subject to pollution and its remediation is difficult once contaminated by human activities. The groundwater samples collected in both winter and summer seasons at Guiyang, SW China, show a wide range of variations in chemical composition and dominance of Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋, SO4^2-, and HCO3^- ions. The anthropogenic inputs include Cl^-, NO3^-, SO4^2-, Na^＋, and K^＋, as judged from the relationships between different elemental ratios and sewage samples. Cl^- concentrations of all water samples in the study area vary from 0 to 3.9 mmol/L in winter and are higher than in summer. In most of the samples, SO4^2- concentrations are high, ranging from 0.1 to 11 mmol/U The studies show that the cycling of sulfur plays an important role in controlling water chemistry and fate of contaminants in groundwater. In order to understand the source of SO4^2- and the geochemical cycling of some elements in the karstic groundwater environment, we have carried out a study on the variations of S and Cl isotope compositions, in addition to other isotopic tracers such as ^87Sr/^86Sr and δ^13C studied previously. The δ^37Cl values of the groundwater samples present a seasonal variation, ranging from 0.00‰ to ＋2.03‰ in winter and from -1.46‰ to ＋0.29‰ in summer. The surface water samples show a similar range of variations as observed for groundwater. Two rainwater samples collected at Guiyang have a distinct isotopic signature （mean value is -3‰） compared to the δ^37Cl values reported in literature. These results indicate that ground water is mainly derived from precipitation and suggest a fast recharge of the karst system by surface water.