2种新型18β-甘草次酸修饰物对四氯化碳致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

本文研究了顺式-3β-O-[4-(R)-(3-氯苯基)-2-氧代-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环己基]-18β-甘草次酸(GA16R)和顺式-3β-O-[4-(S)-(3-氯苯基)-2-氧代-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环已基]-18β-甘草次酸(GA16S)2种修饰物对四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用.结果表明,GA16R和GA16S均能减轻CCl4致小鼠急性肝损伤程度,明显降低血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、乳酸脱氰酶(LDH)的升高,明显降低肝组织中丙二醛(MDA)的含量,明显增加肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)的活力.证明2种新型甘草次酸化合物对四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝损伤均有明显的保护作用.     

氯氧镁胶凝材料中总氯离子的测定：（I）预处理方法

氯氧镁胶凝材料的总Cl-含量是衡量产品吸潮、返卤和泛霜性能的关键指标之一。讨论了样品粉碎方式及硝酸酸溶浸取条件对样品中总Cl-测定的影响,并用优化后的预处理方法和台湾标准CNS14164方法对样品中总Cl-含量进行了分析。结果表明,手工研磨样品比机械粉碎样品中的总Cl-测定值偏高0.37%,相对偏差为3.91%;硝酸浓度对总Cl-的浸取有一定影响。经优化后的预处理方法为,取1 g用机械粉碎至88μm的粉末样品,用40 mL体积比为15/85的稀硝酸浸取20 min,再过滤洗涤得到待分析液。优化预处理方法后,测定Cl-的相对误差在0.44%以内,且有利于后续的滴定分析操作,精密度和准确度均优于CNS14164方法。     

Study of Dissolved Chlorofluorocarbons in Lake Washington

Measurements of three chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs) :trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11),dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) and trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113), along with methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were made in water samples from Lake Washington,using Electron Capture-Gas Chromatography (EC-GC).The samples were collected in mid-autumn, a period when the lake‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘s upper layer undergoes rapid cooling,At the time of sam-pling,a strong vertical temperature gradient was present in the lake,with surface temperatures of -14℃,and near bottom(50 meters) temperatures of -8℃ ,The concentrations of dissolved CFC-12 and CFC-11 increased with depht ,as expected from the higher solubilities of these gases at lower temperatures ,Atmospheric measurements made at the sampling site at the time of the cruise ,showed that CFC-11 and CFC-12 saturations in the near surface samples were 100% and 106%,respectively,For the deepest sample (52 meters)CFC-11 and CFC-12 saturations were 102% and 126%,Because the surface layer of the lake respondes to changes in atmospheric CFCs on a time scale of several weeks ,the highere than equilibrium concentrations of CFC-12 observed at the time of sampling may reflect earlier episodes of elevated levels of atmospheric CFC-12 in this urban area.High concentrations of dissolved CFCs in runoff or industrial effluent might also lead to elevated CFC levels in the lake. The cold ,deep water of Lake Wahington is realtively isolated from the effects of surface gas exchange except during winter ,and the supersaturations observed in the deep layer may reflect pe-riods of elevated atmospheric CFC-12 levels from the previous winter season.These results were compared to summertime profiles of CFC-11 and CFC-12 made in 1994.     

^14C年代测定的碳化锂制样法的研究

Described in detail in this paper are the principle of Li2C2 chemical reaction and the experimental apparatus and chemical procedure. Conditional experiments on reaction temperature, Li: CO2 proportion and C2H2 yield have led to the establishment of optimum working conditions of the Li2C2 method. A comparison between the Li2C2 method and the SrC2 method previously developed in our lab. shows that the former has the advantage over the latter.     

中国典型有机污染场地土层岩性和污染物特征分析

目前我国存在大量待修复场地,其分布具有一定的规律性和区域性,场地地层系统结构复杂、渗透性空间异质性显著,污染物种类复杂。总结场地典型土层结构和典型污染物有助于有针对性地开展修复技术的研发。为此,本文收集并整理了全国136处有机污染场地相关资料,对其地域性、地层及污染物特征总结如下:目前我国已经开展调查与修复的有机污染场地主要集中在京津冀和沪宁杭地区;有机污染场地土层基本都含有黏土等低渗透介质,而且都具有非均质性,其中67%场地土层有强非均质性;沪宁杭地区场地土层渗透性总体低于京津冀和辽中南地区,此外我国京津冀和辽中南地区场地调查深度(20.3 m)总体大于沪宁杭地区(12.8 m);我国有机污染场地地下水中最常见的有机污染物种类为氯代溶剂,依次为氯代烷烃类(场地数量占比84%)、氯代苯类(场地数量占比46%)和氯代烯烃类(场地数量占比33%);最常见的3种氯代溶剂依次为二氯乙烷、一氯苯和三氯甲烷。     

搬迁企业原址场地土壤挥发性有机物污染特征——以北京某搬迁化工厂为例

搬迁企业原址场地可能受原生产生活遗留有毒有害物质的污染,因此,在原场地再利用之前必须对其进行污染调查.对北京市某化工厂搬迁场地进行土壤污染初步调查,以超建设用地二类用地的筛选值或管制值来表征污染物超过土壤背景值的程度.初步污染调查结果表明,该场地土壤中苯、甲苯、氯苯、四氯化碳和氯仿浓度超标.其中苯、四氯化碳和氯仿的最大浓度分别超筛选值的32.5倍、59倍和151.2倍,且都超管制值,属于重度污染;甲苯最大浓度超筛选值(等于管制值)3.23倍,属于中—重度污染;氯苯略微超过筛选值,属于轻度污染,超标土样均来自同一钻孔AD56.场地污染特征,平面上呈点状分布,垂向上污染集中在约4 m深处的弱透水层,与地层岩性关系密切.经场地重点区域初步污染调查判定为污染地块,需进行详细调查和风险评估.