滨州浅海海域浮游植物丰度及其多样性

于2012年春季、季、秋季分别对滨州浅海海域的浮游植物进行调查,采用香农-威纳(Shannon-Weiner)多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Mc Naugton优势度指数对其浮游植物多样性及群落特征进行分析。共鉴定出浮游植物4门40个属种,其中硅藻门的种类最多,占92.50%;浮游植物丰度为(2.66~23520.27)×104 ind/m3,均值1525.13×104 ind/m3。多样性指数和均匀度均值分别为1.76±0.20和0.70±0.25,以秋季最高,春季次之,夏季最低,多样性指数和均匀度均较好,表明该海域浮游植物分布比较均匀,其群落结构处于较完整和稳定的状态。该海域浮游植物的多样性阈值等级评价为Ⅱ级,多样性一般,其中春季和夏季多样性一般(Ⅱ级),秋季多样性较好(Ⅲ级)。     

特定折扣率的二度价格歧视研究

研究基于垄断厂商收益最大化的特定折扣率的定价问题,给出解的具体表达式,同时解决原有文献中需求函数为非线性函数时,最优固定折扣率的解的问题。     

双铰四次弹性拱的混沌行为研究

对双铰四次弹性拱的混沌行为在横向周期荷载下的混沌行为进行了研究。首先利用拱的单元平衡方程建立了拱的二阶三次非线性动力学模型;然后通过变换使方程转化为不含常数项的非线性微分动力系统,并由此得到无扰动系统的3个不动点（一个鞍点,两个中心）与同宿轨道;再用Melnikov函数法给出了发生混沌的临界条件;最后给出了该系统出现定常运动和混沌运动的数值结果。研究表明四次弹性拱在横向周期荷载作用下的外激励振幅在一定范围内会出现混沌现象。     

一种基于三维Arnold变换的矢量地理数据置乱加密方法

矢量地理数据具有位置精度高、语义丰富、空间关系明确等特点,易于同各类专题信息集成、融合使用,是地理信息系统的一类重要数据源.互联网和大数据背景下,矢量地理数据面临泄密、侵权、窃取等安全隐患日益凸显.为此,本文分析比较了几类主要的矢量空间数据安全技术,认为数据置乱技术具有较为均衡的安全防护性能,实际应用潜力大,将经典的图像数据置乱思路引入矢量地理数据,提出了一种基于三维Arnold变换的矢量地理数据置乱加密方法.实验表明,该方法简洁高效,具有置乱度高、保持原有数据结构、完全可逆和抗暴力攻击等特点.     

江西省都昌县山地与平原植被界线提取

由于生长环境、地带性分布规律和垂直差异,山地与平原地区的不同植被类型在遥感影像上存在“同物异谱”及“异物同谱”现象,易导致土地类型的误分。为避免此类错分,在进行土地覆被类型解译之前,应首先确定平原、山地植被的边界。本文在遥感影像聚类分析、GIS空间分析及数理统计分析技术的支持下,以江西省都昌县北部地区为研究区域,基于高分一号（GF-1）遥感卫星影像及地形要素,完成了山地植被与平原植被的界线提取。实验结果显示,本研究得到的植被界线精度高达99.47%和96.28%。与单纯基于遥感影像分类得到的植被边界成果相比,精度提高了近25%和23%。研究证明,高分辨率遥感影像与地形因子结合后,计算得到的山地平原划分界线精度有明显提高,可以满足高分辨率遥感影像土地覆被类型解译研究的需要。     

地震数据采集器线性度不确定度评定及分析

分别建立基于最小二乘法和端基直线法的地震数据采集器线性度模型,分析线性度不确定度的来源,给出不确定度计算公式和评定过程,对比分析最小二乘法与端基直线法在线性度不确定度评定中的差别及输入点个数对线性度不确定度评定的影响。结果表明,最小二乘法和端基直线法的线性度不确定度评定结果在同一数量级上,但后者受输入点个数的影响较小。     

1993年咸宁地震群震害损失及发震成因探讨

1993年7~8月,湖北省咸宁地区发生了一系列ML≤4.1的地震。从地震系列、地表破坏状况和地震宏观等烈度线展布特征出发,深入研究了地震与地质构造及地下水动态变化的关系,得出结论地震群可能为抽取地下水引起的构造变动而诱发。     

淮河洪水的可公度性分析

分析了上两个世纪发生在淮河的洪水事件的可公度性，根据其可公度值及其黄金分割点指出1991年与2003年淮河洪水的不可避免，最后讨论了可公度性的局限及淮河洪水可公度值的可能机制。     

Species richness,diversity and density of understory vegetation along disturbance gradients in the Himalayan conifer forest

We investigated whether species richness, diversity and density of understory herbaceous plants differed along logging(gap) and grazing(primarily by cattle) disturbance gradients, and sought to identify drivers of richness, diversity and density of understory vegetation of logged sites. A factorial experiment was conducted in the mixed conifer forest of Gidakom in Western Bhutan. Levels of the logging treatment included small(0.15 – 0.24 ha), medium(0.25 – 0.35 ha) and large(0.36 – 1.31 ha) gaps. The grazing treatment included grazed(primarily by cattle) and ungrazed(where herbivores were excluded by a fence) plots nested within each gap. Data were collected from 12 gaps(4 replicates at each level of logging) using the point intercept method. Shannon Weaver Diversity and Margalef's indices were used to estimate species diversity and describe species richness, respectively. Soil samples were analyzed for pH and nutrients. The interaction effect of logging and grazing was significant(p≤0.001) only on species diversity. Relative to ungrazed areas, species diversity was significantly higher(0.01≤p≤0.05) in medium grazed gaps. Under grazed conditions, soil P was negatively correlated with gap size and species diversity. While species diversity was positivelycorrelated(0.01≤p≤0.05) with soil N in grazed plots species richness was positively correlated(0.001≤p≤0.01) with soil N in ungrazed plots. Relative density of Yushania microphylla and Carex nubigena were higher under ungrazed conditions. Our study suggests that the combined effect of cattle grazing and logging results in higher species diversity of understory vegetation in medium and grazed gaps in mixed conifer forests of Bhutan,whereas increase or decrease in relative density of major species is determined primarily by the independent effects of grazing and logging. From management perspective, forest managers must refrain from creating large gaps to avoid loss of nutrients(mainly P and N), which may eventually affect tree regeneration. Managers intending to maintain understory vegetation diversity must consider the combined effects of grazing and logging, ensuring low to moderate grazing pressure.     

Higher species diversity occurs in more fertile habitats without fertilizer disturbance in an alpine natural grassland community

Are there some relationships among species diversity and soil chemical properties of high altitude natural grasslands？ Plant community composition and chemical properties of soil samples were compared to investigate the relationship between soil and species diversity, and the richness in Tibetan alpine grasslands. Results showed that species diversity was significantly positively related to soil organic matter （SOM）, total nitrogen （TN）, available nitrogen （AN）, total phosphorus （TP）, available phosphorus （AP）, and available potassium （AK） in the high alpine grasslands. Margalefs species richness index was also significantly positively related to SOM, TN, AN, and TP. Most soil chemical properties showed significantly positive correlation with species diversity and Margalef＇s richness index. Our results suggested that higher plant species richness index and diversity occurred in more fertile soil habitats in high altitude natural grassland community. In practice, fertilization management for the restoration of degraded grassland should be conducted with reference to the nutrient levels ofnatural grassland without the additional artificial fertilizer and with higher species-diversity and richness index.