考虑温度效应软黏土累积塑形应变模型及验证

通过对宁波饱和软黏土开展应力控制循环三轴试验,研究了不同温度、动应力、初始偏应力、围压作用对累积塑性应变的影响。在试验的基础上,引入综合影响参数对试验数据进行归一化,建立饱和软黏土累积塑性应变的双曲线模型,并基于动态平衡的假设,建立了长期动荷载作用下饱和软黏土达到平衡状态后的归一化累积塑性应变预测模型及考虑温度影响的考虑温度影响的归一化累积塑性应变预测模型,模型预测值与试验结果吻合性较好,可以为轨道交通设计和施工提供参考。     

考虑材料损伤累积的型钢高强混凝土框架节点数值建模及参数分析

为研究地震作用下损伤累积对型钢高强混凝土框架节点抗震性能的影响,基于5榀型钢高强混凝土框架节点低周反复加载试验结果,分析节点构件损伤累积过程及其对刚度和强度的影响。从材料自身损伤入手,通过引入刚度影响系数考虑循环荷载作用下混凝土的单边效应,对Faria-Oliver本构模型进行改进,进而建立适应于型钢混凝土结构的材料损伤累积本构模型。同时基于该模型采用ANSYS分析软件对地震作用下的型钢高强混凝土框架节点进行数值分析,并与试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明:采用本文建立的材料损伤累积本构模型能较好地反映地震作用下型钢高强混凝土框架节点的损伤特性。在此基础上,进一步分析构件轴压比、配箍率、配钢率等设计参数对型钢高强混凝土框架节点抗震性能的影响。研究成果可为该类结构构件的抗震设计提供理论和技术支撑。     

基于合成速率法的青藏块体东北缘断裂活动分析

基于合成速率法、趋势累积率法与跨断层资料等的结合,从时空的不同角度分析了青藏块体东北缘主要断裂应变积累的运动特征。结果显示:(1)2010～2016年,祁连山断裂带呈微弱拉张的运动态势,海原断裂带由张转压,六盘山断裂带在门源地震前显示张性运动,震后发生转折;(2)长期来看,基于趋势累积率D_c的计算结果显示了祁连山断裂带中、西段累积应变略高于东段,从量值上看整个青藏块体东北缘D_c高值区位于六盘山断裂带附近。     

福建省龙海市南部表层土壤重金属元素累积特征研究

基于2004年和2015年福建省龙海市南部表层土壤获得的重金属元素和pH值测试数据,采用数理统计方法分析该区土壤Cd、Hg、Pb、As、Cu、Zn及pH值等指标的累积变化特征及影响因素.龙海市南部表层土壤Cd、Cu、As等重金属元素呈一定程度的正累积趋势,其中As和Cu的平均相对累积率分别为4.943％和5.486％;...     

钦州湾桐花树群落沉积物及植物体中重金属元素累积与分异研究

Mangrove wetlands can reduce heavy metal pollution by trapping heavy metals. In this study, the concentration,transport and bioaccumulation of Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb in the sediments and different parts of Aegiceras corniculatum at four different sites in the Qinzhou Bay in southwestern China were investigated. The results showed that although the potential ecological risk of all five heavy metals was slight, the concentration of Cr was at a moderate pollution level due to the emissions of industries and aquaculture waste water. Core sediment records indicated that the concentrations of heavy metals at the depth of 0–20 cm were relatively high, showing an increasing trend of heavy metals over the past 20–30 years. Cr, Cu, Pb and Cd accumulated mainly in the roots of A. corniculatum, while Zn accumulated mainly in the stems. Aegiceras corniculatum showed the strongest transport capacity for Zn and Cu and the strongest bioaccumulation ability for Cd. Compared with other mangrove communities, A. corniculatum can be chosen as a restoration species in tropical and subtropical coastal zones polluted by Zn, Cu and Cd.     

温度、质量浓度对富氟流体中Hf高温高压水解行为的影响

Hf是一种高场强元素,在地壳中的丰度较低,往往以类质同象的形式进入锆石中。以氟铪酸钾(K_2HfF_6)络合物为研究对象,观察它们在富水热液中的水解程度,进而研究Hf元素在地质过程中的迁移行为。结果表明:K_2HfF_6络合物在热液条件下能发生一定程度的水解反应,总体趋势为络合物的初始质量浓度越低且反应的温度越高,其水解程度越剧烈,络合物的稳定性也就越低;获得了高温高压条件下K_2HfF_6络合物的累积水解平衡常数。同时运用实验模拟的方法,根据提取液中Hf元素含量来推测矿物结晶时富氟流体中Hf元素含量,若以K_2HfF_6络合物最高配位的离子团形迁移时,Hf与F元素之间的质量浓度比值为1.6,据此可以计算成矿流体所需的最小F元素含量。     

动态GNSS监测瞬态无震蠕滑信号提取

断层的瞬态无震蠕滑常诱发震级高、破坏性强的地震。针对其滑动速度缓慢,难以探测的问题,本文基于GNSS连续坐标时间序列的异常波动提出一种断层瞬态无震蠕滑信息的自动探测方法。首先利用独立成分分析进行时空滤波,提高坐标时间序列的信噪比;然后计算坐标时间序列波动的相对强度指数及峰度值;最后通过累积分布函数将其转换为蠕滑信号概率,进而探测断层蠕滑事件。本文模拟500 d GNSS地表位移时间序列进行仿真试验,其中包含25 d瞬态蠕滑信号。试验结果表明,当信号强度至少与噪声水平相当时可有效探测出断层的蠕滑信息。计算Akutan地区连续3年的GNSS数据后探测到一个蠕滑信号,推断其可能为火山岩强烈运动引起的无震蠕滑。通过对四川省陆态网18个测站7年的GNSS数据处理后发现了4个异常信号。     

基于景观生态风险评价的宁江流域景观格局优化

流域景观生态风险受到多源因素的综合作用,识别流域景观生态风险是实现景观格局优化的基础与前提,景观格局优化是应对生态风险的有效手段。以宁江流域为研究区,采用空间主成分分析法,从“自然—人类社会—景观格局”3个维度对流域景观生态风险进行综合评价,基于景观生态风险评价结果,构建累积阻力表面,利用最小累积阻力模型进行了流域景观格局的优化。结果表明：人类社会和景观格局因素对综合风险影响更为强烈,地形和距水体距离等自然因素对综合生态风险影响较弱;宁江流域整体景观生态风险偏大,较高景观生态风险区域位于流域西南部,面积为523.99 km ²,占流域面积的36.06%;识别出流域生态源地为面积大于50 km ²的林地和面积大于0.2 km ²的水体。研究构建了15条生态廊道,一级生态廊道长度大于30000 m,二级生态廊道介于10000~30000 m之间,三级生态廊道长度在10000 m以内;识别了19个生态节点,形成了多层次生态网络。通过对比研究区景观格局优化前后的连通度发现,优化后流域整体景观格局连通度得到明显提升。     

基于权籍调查数据的小学施教区划分评价

不动产权籍调查数据的出现为教育资源空间分布和可达性分析提供了更多的选择.以无锡市梁溪区为研究区域,结合权籍调查数据和施教区信息,利用创建泰森多边形、多环缓冲区等分析工具,引入距离户数累积频率指标,对3所小学进行实例分析.研究认为,利用权籍调查数据,以幢级别的空间尺度、户室级别的属性特征,结合施教区(学区)的具体划分,使...     

Effects of iron electrovalence and species on growth and astaxanthin production of Haematococcus pluvialis

To increase the cell concentration and the accumulation of astaxanthin in the cultivation of Haematococcus pluvialis, effects of different iron electrovalencies (Fe²⁺-EDTA and Fe³⁺-EDTA) and species (Fe-EDTA, Fe(OH)_x^32x and FeC₆H₅O₇) addition on cell growth and accumulation of astaxanthin were studied. Results show that different iron electrovalencies have various effects on cell growth and astaxanthin accumulation of H. pluvialis. Compared with Fe³⁺-EDTA, Fe²⁺-EDTA stimulate more effectively the formation of astaxanthin. The maximum astaxanthin content (30.70 mg/g biomass cell) was obtained under conditions of 18 μmol/L Fe²⁺-EDTA, despite the lower cell density (2.3×10⁵ cell/ml) in such condition. Fe³⁺-EDTA is more effective than Fe²⁺-EDTA in improving the cell growth. Especially, the maximal steady-state cell density, 2.9×10⁵ cell/ml was obtained at 18 μmol/L Fe³⁺-EDTA addition. On the other hand, all the various species of iron (EDTA-Fe, Fe(OH)_x^32x, FeC₆H₅O₇) are capable to improve the growth of the algae and astaxanthin production. Among the three iron species, FeC₆H₅O₇ performed the best. Under the condition of a higher concentration (36 μmol/L) of FeC₆H₅O₇, the cell density and astaxanthin production is 2 and 7 times higher than those of iron-limited group, respectively. The present study demonstrates that the effects of the stimulation with different iron species increased in the order of FeC₆H₅O₇, Fe(OH)_x^32x and EDTA-Fe. Supported by Xiamen Scientific and Technologic Projects (No. 3052Z20031086), Xiamen University Alumni Association Foundation in Singapore, and the First National College Students Innovative Experimental Project