陕北煤矿区地质环境保护与恢复治理措施——以神府矿区郭家湾煤矿为例

郭家湾煤矿地处神府矿区新民采区西北部,为生态环境脆弱区。井田七层煤三个煤组开采后引发地面塌陷、含水层疏干、土地结构变化等地质环境问题,严重制约了地方经济的发展。为了煤炭资源可持续发展,研究陕北煤矿区地质环境保护与恢复治理措施,以1∶10000野外详细调查为依据,首先进行现状评估,然后针对矿山工程建设可能遭受、加剧、引发的矿山地质环境问题进行预测评估,最后提出了以移民搬迁、回填裂缝、生态恢复、建立矿山地质环境监测体系等为主的防治措施,让煤矿开采与矿山地质环境问题恢复治理并行。旨为陕北地区乃至全国煤矿,在保护地质环境中开发利用矿产资源提供依据和示范。     

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莺歌海盆地东北部邻区7条主要入海河流重砂矿物特征及其地质意义

海南岛西部（琼西）是莺歌海盆地东北部的主要物质来源之一。本文对琼西7条主要河流入海口的现代河砂进行了重矿物含量、重矿物组合以及相关特征指数等分析,发现其重矿物含量、磨圆度、组合以及相关重矿物指数从北到南明显不同,反映出碎屑物质搬运距离和源区岩性也明显不同。北部珠碧江重矿物以钛铁矿、电气石、锆石、绿帘石和透闪石为主,磨圆度较差,反映物源主要为近距离的酸性至基性-超基性岩浆岩和变质岩;昌化江重矿物以钛铁矿、磁铁矿、锆石和榍石为主,磨圆比较好,物源可能主要为远距离的酸性和基性岩浆岩;中部北黎河和通天河重矿物以钛铁矿、电气石、锆石、石榴石和透闪石为主,基本没有磨圆,物源主要来自近源区,为未经远距离搬运的变质岩、酸性岩浆岩和基性火山岩;感恩河重矿物以磨圆度差的锆石、钛铁矿、榍石、电气石和褐铁矿等稳定-极稳定重矿物为主,反映源区主要为近距离搬运的岩浆岩;南部望楼河和宁远河重矿物以钛铁矿、磁铁矿、褐铁矿和绿帘石等稳定-不稳定矿物为主,反映的母岩主要为酸性岩浆岩、变质岩和中-基性岩浆岩。这些主要河流入海口的重矿物特征存在明显差异,这与其发源地、流经区域以及流经区域所发育的岩石类型相一致。通过研究琼西地区从北到南不同流域的重矿物组合体系,有助于开展莺歌海盆地源汇对比分析,建立不同区域油气储层碎屑物质来源的识别标志,对该盆地天然气储层物源识别具有重要的地质意义。     

东南极拉斯曼丘陵镁铁质麻粒岩的变质作用演化

拉斯曼丘陵（Larsemann Hills）位于东南极普里兹构造带的中部,研究该区麻粒岩的变质作用演化对于理解普里兹带的构造属性至关重要。通过对该区含石榴石镁铁质麻粒岩转石详细的岩相学观察表明,峰期前进变质阶段矿物组合（M1）由角闪石+斜方辉石+单斜辉石+斜长石+黑云母+钛铁矿±石英±磁铁矿组成,其峰期矿物组合（M2）为石榴石+斜方辉石+单斜辉石+角闪石+钛铁矿±磁铁矿±石英,而代表后期与降压有关的叠加变质组合（M3）为斜方辉石+斜长石+单斜辉石+黑云母+钛铁矿±磁铁矿。矿物化学分析,结果显示其中石榴子石和斜方辉石具有弱的成分环带特征。利用THERMOCALC软件在NCFMASHTO体系下对该麻粒岩进行了详细的热力学模拟,结合传统温压计和平均温压计算结果,得出不同阶段温压条件分别为650~750℃/5.5~6.5kb （M1）,850~950℃/8~8.5kb （M2）,800~900℃/5.5~7.5kb （M3）。其变质作用演化为典型的峰期后近等温减压的（ITD）顺时针P-T轨迹。通过区域上镁铁质麻粒岩的对比分析,我们认为该镁铁质麻粒岩可能来源拉斯曼丘陵基岩露头。结合已有的年代学资料,表明该镁铁质麻粒岩的峰期变质事件可能对应于晚元古代格林威尔期构造事件,而后期退变质作用与早古生代的泛非期构造事件有关,意味着泛非期普里兹带可能是陆内造山带。     

地质环境是生态文明建设之基

<正>4月24日,第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第八次会议通过了新修订的《中华人民共和国环境保护法》。对环境规划、环境标准、环境监测、环境评价等一些基本制度作出了规定,这是新修订的环境保护法呈现的亮点之一,如"国家加强对大气、水、土壤等的保护,建立和完善相应的调查、监测、评估和修复制度",等等。无疑,建立和完善地质灾害监测、地下水地质环境监测、矿山地质环境监测基本制度和管理办法,推进国家地下水监测工程项目实施,推广全国地质环境信息化建设,是学习贯彻环境保护法的具体体现。     

贵州册亨岩架黑苗湾组的发现及其地质意义

作者在册亨尾排金矿普查地质填图工作中,于岩架镇高苕一带发现晚三叠世卡尼早期地层.根据岩性特征,将其划为黑苗湾组.本文对该地黑苗湾组的出露与分布及岩石地层特征进行详细介绍,并讨论其地质意义.     

汪民：大中型矿山到2020年要达到绿色矿山标准

近日,在生态文明贵阳国际论坛2014年年会举办的＂发展绿色矿业建设绿色矿山＂分论坛上,国土资源部副部长汪民作了《发展绿色矿业,建设生态文明》的主题发言,总结了我国近年来构建矿山生态文明建设新机制取得的重要阶段性成效。     

Mineral characteristics and their geological significance of black shales in southeastern Ordos Basin by X-ray diffraction analysis

X-ray diffraction analysis of black shale of Upper Triassic Member Chang 7 of the Yanchang Formation in southeastern Ordos Basin showed that black shales were deposited in brackish, strongly reducing, semi-deep-deep lacustrine facies, and mainly composed of quartz, feldspar, carbonate （dolomite）, clay minerals （illite and il- lite/smectite） and a certain amount of pyrite. The mineral composition characteristics of this set of black shales are similar to those of highly productive shale gas in North America, for example shallow burial, low clay mineral and abundant brittle mineral, so the strata are conducive to the development of cracks and fractures. Thus, this area is favorable for shale oil/gas exploration and development.     

洞庭湖区土壤地球化学基准值与污染等级划分

通过洞庭湖平原与周边丘岗山地区深、表层土壤中54项指标的地球化学分析对比,研究成壤过程中元素的自然分异和人为叠加作用造成的土壤元素含量在垂向上的差异;以深层土壤为参照,求解区域土壤的地球化学背景值和基准值,并以此为标准提出表层土壤污染等级划分的地球化学方法。     

A Spore-Pollen Assemblage from the Damoguaihe Formation in the Tamutsag Basin,Mongolia and Its Geological Implication

Based on the palynological data from Well Ta-19-36 and Well Ta-19-37 in the Ta'nan Sag, and Well Ta-22-1 and Well Ta-21-1 in the Bayin Gobi Sag, a spore-pollen assemblage from the Damoguaihe Formation is named as Cicatricosisporites minutaestriatus- Aequitriradites spinulosus-Protopinus sp. assemblage in the Tamutsag Basin, Mongolia. The assemblage is characterized by abundant gymnosperm pollen and diverse fern spores, counted 46.35%–65.57% and 34.43%–52.58% in percentage respectively. Among the gymnosperm pollen, Pinuspollenites sp.(2.66%–16.94%), Protopinus sp.(0–11.38%) and Protopicea sp.(0–10.81%) are dominant; and Alisporites sp., Cerebropollenites sp., Podocarpidites sp., and Abietineaepollenites sp. are common. Some important elements, such as Chasmatosporites sp., Callialasporites prominulus, Parvisaccites sp., Parcisporites sp., Jiaohepollis cf. annulatus, J. bellus, J. verus, Polycingulatisporites sp., Schizaeoisporites certus, Classopollis annulatus are seen. Within the fern spores, Osmundacidites wellamanii(0.85%–4.93%), Appendicisporites sp.(0–4.45%), Baculatisporites comaumensis(0.80%–2.87%), Cicatricosisporites sp.(0.51%–2.66%), C. minor(0–2.14%), Foraminisporis asymmetricus(0–2.40%), Aequitriradites sp.(0– 2.19%) and Cyathidites minor(0–2.13%) are dominant; and some specie of Densoisporites, Cooksonites, Impardecispora, Pilosisporites, Schizaeosprites, Fixisporites, Leptolepidites, Trilobosporites, Kuylisporites, Klukisporites, Hsuisporites, Couperisporites, Maculatisporites are seen. The angiosperm pollen are rare in the assemblage, characterized by Clavatipollenites sp.(0–0.80%) and Songipollis sp.(0–0.27%). The geological age of the Damoguaihe Formation is assigned to Hauterivian – Barremian of Early Cretaceous according to the palynological data, due to the fact that there existed a lot of diverse spores of the family Schizaeaceae and prosperous gymnosperm saccat pollen which the corpus and sacci are differentiated completely, and the presence of early angiosperm pollen of Clavatipollenites. However, the zircon U-Pb isotopic dating of the volcanic rocks in the Nantun Formation indicated that the overlying strata of the Nantun Formation, i.e. the Damoguaihe Formation must be younger than 127.0±2.0–137.9±1.5 Ma. This is consistent with the palynological data. Furthermore, the vegetation reconstructed on the palynological data of the Damoguaihe Formation is conifer forest with shrubs and grassland, belonging to the semi-humid or humid middle to south subtropical climate. Moreover, three new species, namely Biretisporites punctatus sp. nov., Chasmatosporites reticulates sp. nov. and Concentrisporites contractus sp. nov. are described here.