桩基优化设计经济效益分析

分析岩土工程勘察报告中所揭示的地基土层特性,根据所掌握的大量桩基工程检测试验数据、沉降观测实测数据,对桩周（端）地基土的受荷性能以及基桩工作性状进行研究,通过静载荷试验的实际桩基承载能力,分析推导出优化地基土桩基设计参数。据此优化带来了一定的经济效益。     

Mohr-Coulomb准则下基于滑动面深度的边坡参数反分析方法

利用上限定理与强度折减法,提出了一种新的边坡反分析方法。该方法基于边坡的滑动面形状,不需要位移、应力等监测数据。分析边坡的临界滑动面位置与强度参数的关系,可以发现,当边坡的几何形状、土体重度以及孔隙水压力分布确定,则临界滑动面的形状只与土体黏聚力c、内摩擦角φ的关系式c/tanφ有关,并在此基础上引入边坡的无量纲系数c,λcφ。利用极限分析上限定理与强度折减法,得到了边坡临界滑动面方程,提出了其深度的计算公式,建立了边坡c,λcφ值与滑动面深度的关系。通过已有边坡的反分析实例,验证了方法的正确性和有效性。     

基于岩体精细化描述的围岩分类及力学参数概率分布特征分析

针对目前水电站地下厂房工程中不同围岩分类方法存在评价结果不一致、围岩力学参数存在室内试验值与实际情况不吻合的现象,现推荐采用岩体精细化描述体系对围岩岩体结构进行定量化评价。将常用围岩分类方法(RMR、Q、RMi、GSI、BQ、HC)评价指标予以归纳分组,并通过各组内不同指标对比分析获得围岩分类方法中的基础评价指标。以大岗山水电站主厂房某区段为分析对象,采取现场岩体精细化地质素描与后期数据挖掘、拟合相结合方法,并依据评价指标间的关联关系,获得了基础、非基础评价指标的分布概型及对应参数,实现对该段围岩岩体精细化描述认知;基于精细化描述结果,应用Monte Carlo法生成符合各评价指标分布概型的大量随机数,而后参照各分类方法评价思路与评分流程,得到评价指标在各分类方法对应的大量随机评分值,通过归纳统计获得不同围岩分类方法评价结果的分布概型;基于各围岩分类方法评价结果与力学参数值之间的关联关系实现对力学参数概率特征分析。该分析方法与思路可为类似工程围岩质量及力学参数的精确确定提供一定借鉴,并可为实现围岩支护极限状态设计提供必要的原始参数支持。     

岩矿石标本真电参数的测试方法与测试系统(WXE)的研制

现有岩矿标本电参数的测试系统,所测的都是视电参数。本文研究了测试岩矿标本真电参数的方法。它通过测试系统隐含的本底电参数,将实测的视参数转换为真参数。据此,研制了新型岩矿标本真电参数测试系统(WXE)。     

青海省锡铁山矿区外围异常成矿潜力分析

锡铁山铅锌矿是中国目前铅锌储量最大的矿床。但是由于该区外围地势险要,地形复杂,国内对其外围成矿潜力的研究并不是很多。本次对该矿床外围进行了740 km2面积的1∶5万水系沉积物测量及2 053 km2面积的1∶5万高精度磁法测量,最终圈定化探异常18处,物探异常28处。通过后期异常查证工作,笔者对这些异常区的成矿潜力做了具体分析,从中优选出了小柴旦湖南、柳园沟、向南沟、锡铁山站南4处成矿有利靶区。     

Thermal simulation of basic volcanic fluid influence on different source rocks

Based on thermal simulation experiment, interactions between volcanic fluids and source rocks were studied. Gas generations in the dry system and fluid system under different temperatures were analyzed. The results showed that the various types of source rocks are similar in composition, containing gaseous C1-C5 hydrocarbons, H2 and CO2 whose gas yields increase with increasing temperature. The gas yield of source rocks of type I is the high- est, followed by type II, and that of source rocks of type III is the lowest, indicating that the yield of hydrocarbon gases is related to their hydrocarbon generating potential. Although the generating potential of type III is the lowest, it can still be regarded as a useful gas source when it is buried deeply enough. The basic volcanic fluid restrains the generation of gaseous hydrocarbons in different types of source rocks, but promotes the generation of inorganic gases.     

Quality assessment and hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in Agastheeswaram taluk,Kanyakumari district,Tamil Nadu,India

The present study investigates the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater quality in Agas- theeswaram taluk of Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 69 groundwater samples were collected during pre- and post-monsoon periods of 2011-2012. The groundwater quality assessment has been carried out by evaluating the physicochemical parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, HCO3, Cl, SO42-, Ca2＋, Mg2＋, Na＋ and K＋ for both the seasons. Based on these parameters, groundwater has been assessed in favor of its suitability for drinking and irrigation purpose. Dominant cations for both the seasons are in the order of Na＋〉 Ca2＋〉 Mg2＋ 〉 K＋ while the dominant anions for post monsoon and pre monsoon have the trends of CI 〉 HCO3 〉 SO42- and HCO3- 〉 CI 〉 SO42-, respectively. Analytical results observed from various indices reveal that the groundwater quality is fairly good in some places. Analytical results of few samples show that they are severely polluted and incidentally found to be near the coasts, estuaries and salt pans in the study area. The Gibbs plot indicates that the majority of groundwater samples fall in rock dominant region, which indicates rock water interaction in the study area. The United States salinity （USSL） diagram shows that the groundwater is free from sodium hazards but the salinity hazard varies from low to very high throughout the study area. This reveals that the groundwater is moderately suitable for agricultural activities. The observed chemical variations in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons may be the effect to rock-water interactions, ion-exchange reactions, and runoff of fertilizers from the surrounding agricultural lands.     

内蒙古阿巴嘎萨茹塔拉地区地球化学异常特征及成矿潜力分析

萨茹塔拉是内蒙古中部近年来发现的具有较好找矿潜力的钼-铜-金矿化区。文章在1∶5万水系沉积物测量的基础上,结合区域地质背景特征,从单元素异常、异常元素组合特征等方面对该地区已发现的多处金、钼等矿床、矿点进行初步分析,结果表明已知矿床大部分位于矿致异常浓集中心,多元素组合异常套合较好,并指示了多处同样具有找矿前景的异常浓集中心。二叠系是赋矿有利层位;频繁的岩浆活动不但提供了成矿物质,而且使地层中的成矿元素进一步富集,并在构造有利部位成矿。     

基于叠加阻抗理论的弹性参数反演方法

弹性阻抗反演因其兼具叠前与叠后地震反演的优点、能够得到众多对岩性及流体较为敏感的弹性参数,因而在储层预测领域中应用极为广泛。弹性阻抗反演所使用的弹性阻抗方程是单入射角的函数,而在实际应用中由于采集以及处理技术的限制,反演所采用的地震道集为角度部分叠加道集,因而造成了方程与地震道集间的矛盾,导致阻抗体的反演精度降低。叠加阻抗理论将弹性阻抗方程改写为角度叠加范围的函数,更加符合实际道集情况,阻抗体反演精度高。基于叠加阻抗的思想,将常见弹性阻抗方程改写为叠加阻抗的形式,引入到弹性参数反演当中,并论证其可行性,以期更加准确地反演出弹性参数,从而提高储层预测成功率。     

陕西小秦岭地区熊耳群火山岩型铁(钛)矿及资源潜力

对小秦岭地区熊耳群地层的分布作了概述。在熊耳群地层分布区划出了坝源—洛源(A区)、三岔—石门(B区)和西峪河—梧桐河(C区)三个火山岩型铁矿资源潜力区。阐述了各潜力区的铁矿成矿条件,对潜在资源量作了测算。预测全区300 m以上铁矿潜在资源量为≥9.4亿吨,钛铁矿≥300万吨。