MgSO4-NaOH-H2O四元交互体系在200℃水热条件下相互作用的动力学研究

利用七水硫酸镁和氢氧化镁,研究了在200℃水热条件下合成产物的物相及其随时间的变化机制。     

基于方差分量估计的自适应融合导航

多源传感器观测信息的精度一般不一致,利用方差分量估计理论可以合理地顾及各传感器观测信息在融合导航解中的权比.首先给出基于多源观测信息的融合导航解算模式,进而基于方差分量估计讨论了各传感器观测信息在融合导航解中的合理平衡问题,然后应用自适应因子顾及动力学模型预报信息的贡献,给出了计算过程,并利用模拟数据进行了试算与比较.     

基于通量均衡基准的地壳垂直形变场分析模型

根据全球通量均衡假说建立了地壳垂直形变场的分析模型，在球面近似下求得了该模型的球谐函数级数解并拟合了两个不同区域的地壳垂直形变场，编绘了等值线图，继而在密切平面坐标系下导出了该模型的Fourier级数解。结果表明，该方法不仅具有几何意义，而且具有一定的地球动力学意义。     

第1章地震过程理论基础

1．1概述 地震预报属于预报事件发生地点、强度和时间问题，实际上也是现代地球动力学问题。如果熟知了认识地球动力学过程物理本质的方法学，那么，预报问题是可以解决的。     

第5章地震过程动力学

通过对类地行星——月球、金星和火星天文期的研究表明，这些行星内部和地球一样发生地震，而且现代构造活动性具有差异。地球具有高地震活动性特征，其内部能量以地震形式损耗每年达10^17-10^18J，震源分布深度达700km，地震的应力降达几百巴。月震震源可追踪到1200km深度，每年平均观测到5次月震，释放能量约10^9J／a。火星地震活动性高于月球而低于地球。金星内部地震过程规模和速率远远低于地球。     

基于系统动力学模型和元胞自动机模型的土地利用情景模型研究

综合自上而下的系统动力学模型和自下而上的元胞自动机模型, 从宏观用地总量需求和微观土地供给相平衡的角度, 充分利用系统动力学模型在情景模拟和宏观驱动因素反映上的优势与元胞自动机模型在微观土地利用空间格局反映上的优势, 发展了土地利用情景变化动力学LUSD (Land Use Scenarios Dynamics model)模型. 利用该模型对中国北方13省未来20年土地利用变化的情景模拟结果表明, 由于LUSD模型充分利用了系统动力学模型和元胞自动机模型的特点和优势, 同时考虑了土地利用系统宏观驱动因素复杂性和微观格局演化复杂性的特征, 因而提高了当前土地利用情景模型的可靠性, 这将在一定程度上为理解土地利用系统的复杂驱动行为, 评估脆弱生态区土地系统变化的潜在生态效应提供帮助. 同时, LUSD模型的情景模拟结果也表明, 农牧交错带地区是中国北方未来20年土地利用变化比较明显的地区, 而耕地和城镇用地则是该区域内变化最为显著的两种用地类型.     

The mechanisms of paragenesis and separation of silver, lead and zinc in hydrothermal solutions

On the basis of an experimental study and thermodynamic calculation, the mechanisms of paragenesis and separation of silver, lead and zinc in the hydrothermal system have been studied. At acidic to nearly neutral pH, their chloride complexes are stable, and among them the chloride complexes of zinc are most stable. And the sulfide complexes are the dominant species at nearly neutral to alkaline pH,while the sulfide complexes of silver are most stable. With decreasing temperature, [ Cl^-] ,fO2, and increasing pH, the solubilities of silver, lead and zinc will decrease, leading to their deposition and separation. For sulfide complexes, the concentrations of reduced sulfur and pH are two important factors affecting their stabilities. Complexes of different forms and stabilities respond to the variation of conditions to different extents, which gave rise to the paragenesis and separation of silver, lead and zinc in the whole ore-forming process of dissolution, transport and deposition.     

珠江口盆地白云凹陷新生代构造演化动力学

白云凹陷构造演化史的研究对在白云凹陷开展油气勘探和深水沉积研究具有重要的意义。通过对断裂与沉积结构平面和剖面特点的分析,结合岩浆活动特点,文中提出白云凹陷是一个复式地堑,推测这种结构特点与凹陷下地壳的强烈韧性减薄和颈缩变形有关,表现为热岩石圈的伸展。其发育机制推测与白云凹陷位于构造转换带上有关,特殊的构造位置使白云凹陷成为强烈构造变形区,岩石圈地壳强烈减薄,伴随伸展过程和地幔上涌,脆性地壳或上地幔中部分熔融物质的出现导致岩石圈强度的急剧降低,在区域伸展应力场下以韧性流变方式减薄。岩浆在构造转换带下聚集并发育主岩浆房,由于白云凹陷南北边缘没有发育正断裂系统,岩浆主要沿垂直伸展的方向运移,因此在珠琼运动一幕和二幕南南东向伸展应力作用下,岩浆向白云凹陷的东部和西部运移至北西向基底深大断裂处,那里由于北西向断裂表现为左行张剪性质而成为压力较低的地区,从而成为岩浆上涌和侵位的地方。在岩浆聚集的地区,活动岩浆体附近的脆性变形被分散的韧性变形所取代,因此在凹陷的东北和西南两个角上,发育了张性和张剪性小断裂群,由于热岩石圈弹性较差,白云凹陷长期持续沉降。白云凹陷的断裂活动和沉积演化史还受到南海海盆扩张活动的影响。     

第九届全国岩石动力学学术会议在宜昌三峡大学召开

由中国岩石力学与工程学会岩石动力学专业委员会主办、三峡大学及湖北省防灾减灾重点实验室承办的“第九届全国岩石动力学学术会议”于2005年8月14日至18日在宜昌三峡大学隆重召开，来自全国高等院校、科研院所、工程管理与施工单位和国内知名仪器设备厂商等单位的代表共150多人出席了本次会议。三峡大学校领导出席会议并致词。     

Water soluble components of PM10 Chongqing, China

The concentrations of water soluble ions (Na⁺, NH₄ ⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, NO₃ ^-, Cl^-, and SO ₄ ^2- ) in PM₁₀ samples collected on cellulose filters by a medium-volume cascade impactor were determined, which were obtained from three kinds of areas in Chongqing: industrial area (Jiulongpo district), commercial and residential area (Jiangbei district) and background area (Jinyun Mountain in the Beibei district). The results showed that except for the background site, the annual average values of PM₁₀ are 23% – 61% higher than the national air quality standard (GradeII) (0.1 mg/m³), even that the value of the control site is still 20% higher than American standard (0.05 mg/m³). This implied that serious pollution of fine particles occurred in Chongqing. Nine kinds of soluble ions in water of PM₁₀ were analyzed by ion chromatography (IC) and the annual average concentrations follow the order of [SO ₄ ^2- ] > [NO³ _-] > [Cl^-] > [F^-], and [Ca²⁺] > [NH₄ ⁺] > [K⁺] > [Na⁺] > [Mg²⁺]. Their values were different in these areas: the industrial area > the commercial and living area > the control area. As for NH_{4 +}, K⁺, Ca²⁺, NO₃ ^- and SO ₄ ^2- , their seasonal average concentrations show a similar variation trend: the values in spring and fall were higher than those in summer and winter. The seasonal average concentrations of [Cl^-], [F^-], [Na⁺] and [Mg²⁺] are much lower than those of other ions. However, the concentrations of [Na⁺] changed more greatly in different seasons than those of the other three ions. Correlation coefficients showed that the three areas have been polluted by coal smoke and dust to different extents, while some local resources of pollution should be taken into consideration as well.