区域差距缩小 供地结构优化——聚焦我国土地供应变化特征

正阅读提示中西部地区土地供应增速加快,地区间日趋均衡;工业用地集中布局在东部沿海工业带、长江沿岸工业带、陇海—兰新沿线工业带等传统工业带;基础设施主要布局在长江沿线经济带;住宅用地占比各地差异较大,占比最高的北京比最低的地区高23个百分点;商服用地各地之间差异不大,占比最低与最高仅差11个百分点。     

星载激光雷达卫星海面风场反演算法研究

The principal purpose of this paper is to extract entire sea surface wind＇s information from spaceborne lidar, and particularly to utilize a appropriate algorithm for removing the interference information due to white caps and subsurface water. Wind speeds are obtained through empirical relationship with sea surface mean square slopes. Wind directions are derived from relationship between wind speeds and wind directions im plied in CMOD5n geophysical models function （GMF）. Whitecaps backscattering signals were distinguished with the help of lidar depolarization ratio measurements and rectified by whitecaps coverage equation. Subsurface water backscattering signals were corrected by means of inverse distance weighted （IDW） from neighborhood non-singular data with optimal subsurface water backscattering calibration parameters. To verify the algorithm reliably, it selected NDBC＇s TAO buoy-laying area as survey region in camparison with buoys＇ wind field data and METOP satellite ASCAT of 25 km single orbit wind field data after temporal-spa tial matching. Validation results showed that the retrieval algorithm works well in terms of root mean square error （RMSE） less than 2m/s and wind direction＇s RMSE less than 21 degree.     

基于阈值区间的海洋锋面提取模型

A model （Bayesian oceanic front detection, BOFD） of sea surface temperature （SST） front detection in satel- lite-derived SST images based on a threshold interval is presented, to be used in different applications such as climatic and environmental studies or fisheries. The model first computes the SST gradient by using a Sobel algorithm template. On the basis of the gradient value, the threshold interval is determined by a gradi- ent cumulative histogram. According to this threshold interval, front candidates can be acquired and prior probability and likelihood can be calculated. Whether or not the candidates are front points can be deter- mined by using the Bayesian decision theory. The model is evaluated on the Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer images of part of the Kuroshio front region. Results are compared with those obtained by using several SST front detection methods proposed in the literature. This comparison shows that the BOFD not only suppresses noise and small-scale fronts, but also retains continuous fronts.     

全球有效波高和风速的时空变化及相关关系研究

The climatology of significant wave height（SWH） and sea surface wind speed are matters of concern in the fields of both meteorology and oceanography because they are very important parameters for planning offshore structures and ship routings. The TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter, which collected data for about 13 years from September 1992 to October 2005, has measured SWHs and surface wind speeds over most of the world＇s oceans. In this paper, a study of the global spatiotemporal distributions and variations of SWH and sea surface wind speed was conducted using the TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data set. The range and characteristics of the variations were analyzed quantitatively for the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans. Areas of rough waves and strong sea surface winds were localized precisely, and the correlation between SWH and sea surface wind speed analyzed.     

南海冬季一次海面大风天气的WRF模式预报检验

为寻找出适合南海冬季海面大风天气预报的边界层参数化方案,利用中尺度气象模式WRF中9种边界层方案(YSU、MYJ、QNSE-EDMF、MYNN2、MYNN3、ACM2、BouLac、UW、GBM),对2012年12月29-31日的大风过程进行预报,并用最终分析资料(FNL)检验10 m风场预报。结果表明:风速风向预报的整体平均偏差相当,风向预报的均方根误差较风速大;风速风向与实况的相关随着预报时间增加,整体呈现下降趋势;各方案对海陆交界风速预报普遍偏大2 m/s以上,而在远离陆地的海域偏差较小;YSU方案对北部湾、东沙群岛、西沙群岛、南沙群岛4个海区风场的变化趋势均能较好预报;整体而言,南海大部分海域的预报偏差较小,YSU、MYNN2、MYNN3方案对风速预报较好,ACM2方案对风向预报较好。     

The Interdecadal Changes of South Pacific Sea Surface Temperature in the Mid-1990s and Their Connections with ENSO简

The characteristic changes of South Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies （SSTAs） for the period January 1979 to December 2011, during which the 1990s Pacific pan-decadal variability （PDV） interdecadal regime shifts occurred, were examined. Empirical Orthogonal Function （EOF） analysis was applied to the monthly mean SSTA for two sub-periods： January 1979 to December 1994 （P 1） and January 1996 to December 2011 （P2）. Both the spatial and temporal features of the leading EOF mode for P1 and P2 showed a remarkable difference. The spatial structure of the leading EOF changed from a tripolar pattern for P 1 （EOF-P 1） to a dipole-like pattern for P2 （EOF-P2）. Besides, EOF-P 1 （EOF-P2） had significant spectral peaks at 4.6 yr （2.7 yr）. EOF-P2 not only had a closer association with E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation （ENSO）, but also showed a faster response to ENSO than EOF-P1 based on their lead-lag relationships with ENSO. During the development of ENSO, the South Pacific SSTA associated with ENSO for both PI and P2 showed a significant eastward propagation. However, after the peak of ENSO, EOF-P1 showed a stronger persistence than EOF-P2, which still showed eastward propagation. The variability of the SSTA associated with the whole process of ENSO evolution during P1 and the SSTA associated with the development of ENSO during P2 support the existence of ocean-to-atmosphere forcing, but the SSTA associated with the decay of ENSO shows the phenomenon of atmosphere-to-ocean forcing.     

联合大地水准面、海面地形和潮波运动数值模拟的长江口陆海垂直基准转换关系

长江口水域地形地貌研究对河道治理建设、水上交通运输等人类社会经济活动具有重要意义,而建立高精度的无缝深度基准面及其与其他垂直基准间转换模型将直接影响到水陆交界区高精度地形地貌数据的获取及统一综合管理与分析。为此着重研究了基于三维潮波运动数值模拟、海面地形和大地水准面3种手段联合的河口水域无缝深度基准面构建及其与其他垂直基准间转换模型,并在长江口南支这一典型河口水域进行了建模实验和模型精度评估分析。结果显示,垂直基准转换模型中误差为12.4 cm,与现场长期潮位站实际观测结果比对分析得垂直基准转换模型误差绝对值均值为24.2 cm,尽管大于模型中误差估值,但仍满足国际水道测量规范对测深中垂向最大不确定度的要求。     

美国资源型城市转型的经验与启示

2013年12月,国务院发布《全国资源型城市可持续发展规划（2015～2020年）》（以下简称《规划》）。作为我国首部关于资源型城市可持续发展的国家级专项规划,该《规划》将资源型城市划分为成长型、成熟型、衰退型和再生型四类,并明确到2020年资源枯竭城市历史遗留问题基本解决,可持续发展能力显著增强,转型任务基本完成。资源型城市的土地利用,对城市的可持续发展起着至关重要的作用。如何通过土地利用政策达到土地的科学合理利用,是需要探讨的话题。国外资源型城市,在这方面有诸多成功经验可供我们借鉴。本期针对美国资源型城市在产业转型过程中所采取的土地利用及相关政策进行分析探讨。     

云计算助力设计企业转型升级

企业信息化已经逐渐进入云时代,云计算将使企业信息化变得更简单、高效,运用云计算、移动电子商务、大数据等新一代信息技术,使设计企业信息化管理水平提升、竞争力增强、经济负担减少、员工工作灵活,为企业转型发展升级奠定了基础。在“两化”深度融合作为设计企业转型发展更高目标而迫使企业必须走转型发展提升之路的关键时刻,充分利用云计算技术将会引领企业信息化发展,促进设计企业转型升级。