赴泰国访问有感——记参加世界气象组织第七届人工影响天气科学讨论会

遵照中国气象局的指示,我们作为中国气象局人工影响天气代表团一行１３人,于１９９９年２月１６日从广州出发,去泰国参加世界气象组织第七届人工影响天气科学研讨会。我们经曼谷于当天晚上到达清迈。一下飞机扑面而来的是一股湿热的空气,还挟带着一股热带植物的草木花...     

Ecohydrology from Concepts to On-ground Actions： Report of Special Side Event on Ecohydrology--An Interdisciplinary Challenge, January 5-7, 2009 in Bangkok, Thailand

International Hydrological Programme Ⅶ (IHP-Ⅶ) directs the research objectives of hydrologists all over the world from 2008 to 2013. As a key programme contributed to the IHP Ⅶ, UNESCO's Ecohydrology Programme (EHP) has evolved into a trans-disciplinary scientific programme to analyze dynamic relationships between hydrological, social and ecological systems. Twenty international experts from 12 countries were invited by UNESCO to attend the side event on "Ecohydrology--An Interdisciplinary Challenge" in Bangkok, Thailand. It aimed to synthesize knowledge gaps for addressing issues related to critical water systems. This event focused on how better knowledge of the interrelationships between the hydrological cycle, livelihoods and ecosystems could be contributed to more cost-effective and environmental-friendly management. The five themes of the event with 20 keynote lectures were given as fellows.     

近32年泰国降水的主要变化趋势研究

基于泰国气象局提供的近32年（1981～2012）站点逐日降水观测资料,利用线性趋势和集合经验模态分解（Ensemble empirical mode decomposition, EEMD）等分析方法,本文重点研究了泰国及其五个地理分区内各等级降水量与降水日数出现正异常（第95百分位及以上）的站点比例变化,并深入分析了泰国逐年降水量与暴雨级别以上持续性和非持续性降水量相对贡献的变化。主要结论如下：（1）泰国东部和南部地区是其降水最强的区域,而泰国北部地区降水相对最弱,在研究的32年时段内,泰国境内有87%的站点出现了逐年降水增加的趋势（共有22个站通过了95%置信水平的显著性检验）,其中泰国南部是增加最快的区域,而泰国东部地区则是出现降水增加趋势最少的地区。位于泰国湾沿岸的曼谷站和洛坤站是整个泰国境内逐年降水增加最快的站点。（2）泰国北部地区的逐年降水量、逐年降水日数与平均降水强度出现正异常的站点比例显著增加,表明极端降水的影响范围在扩大,而泰国南部地区仅大暴雨级别以上的极端降水出现了范围扩大的趋势。（3）暴雨级别以上的降水在泰国不同地区存在着显著差异,其中泰国北部、东北部和中部地区...     

Study on the geochemical characteristics of ocean-ridge and oceanic-island volcanic rocks in the Nan-Uttaradit zone,northern Thailand

Field investigations and laboratory integrated research as indicated that ophiolite mélange in the Nan-Uttaradit zone, northern Thailand, consists of fragments of tectonites such as metamorphic peridotite (extremely silicified serpentinite), cumulates (pyroxenolite, gabbro, and gabbro-diorite), ocean-ridge basalt, oceanic-island ba-salt and radiolarian silicalite, and it was formed during D3-P. The rock series, rock types and petrogeochemical characteristics of metamorphic tholeiites in the Nan area of the Nan-Uttaradit zone are similar to those of ocean-ridge basalts (C1) in China's Ailaoshan zone. As for the Hawaiites in the Nan area of the Nan-Uttaradit zone, their major elements, REEs and trace elements are similar to those of oceanic-island basalts in China's Jinshanjiang zone (P11). In the Uttaradit area of this zone the metamorphic alkaline basalts show transitional petrogeochemical characteristics between ocean-ridge basalts and oceanic-island basalts, which were still formed in oceanic-island environments. The above-described basalts are all oceanic volcanic rocks and they are the most important part of the Paleo-Tethys oceanic crust in the Nan-Uttaradit zone.     

泰国湾西部表层沉积物重矿物分布特征:对物质来源和沉积环境的指示

对泰国湾西部159个表层沉积物进行了碎屑重矿物鉴定分析,其中57站重矿物颗粒数少于300粒,有效数据102站。结果表明,泰国湾西部表层沉积物中重矿物含量低,平均为1.628%,变化范围在0.016%~20.755%之间;共鉴定出重矿物29种,包括菱铁矿、褐铁矿、普通角闪石、自生黄铁矿、赤铁矿、绿帘石、磁铁矿、白钛石、锆石、紫苏辉石、石榴子石、黑云母、水黑云母、普通辉石、透闪石、白云母、钛铁矿、白云石、榍石、磷灰石、绢云母、蓝晶石、十字石、阳起石、电气石、金红石、棕闪石、独居石和透辉石,其中优势矿物为菱铁矿、普通角闪石和褐铁矿,平均含量(颗粒百分含量,下同)分别为41.6%,15.6%和13.4%,最高含量分别为99.7%,72%和94%;特征矿物为自生黄铁矿、磁铁矿、赤铁矿和锆石,平均含量分别为6.8%,4.1%,3.9%和0.9%,最高含量分别为97.3%,26.0%,91.7%和11.0%。利用数学聚类方法并结合矿物分布,在泰国湾西部划分出6个重矿物分区,基本以从北到南垂直岸线的东西向带状分布,矿物分区与物质来源和沉积环境具有较好的对应关系。重矿物来源主要为陆源和自生源:前者以普通角闪石、磁铁矿、赤铁矿、钛铁矿以及紫苏辉石等为代表性矿物,陆源物质输入较为明显的海区有3处,即曼谷湾的罗勇外部海区、春蓬和敦沙之间的近岸区域以及宋卡和北大年之间近岸区域,其中春蓬和敦沙之间的近岸区域表层沉积物中黑色金属矿物含量高,与附近有铁矿床分布相符合;后者以菱铁矿、自生黄铁矿以及菱铁矿风化形成的褐铁矿为代表性矿物,主要分布在陆架中南部、中东部和中北部。依据自生源矿物分布特征在陆架中部划分出不同的沉积环境,在陆架中南部和中北部为轻度还原环境,局部出现较强的还原环境,而在陆架中南部的轻度还原区域内出现氧化沉积环境。     

中南半岛地区夏季降水日变化特征

利用TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)3B42RT和3G68 PR 1998-2005年8 a的观测资料,研究了中南半岛地区夏季(6-8月)降水日变化特征.结果表明:整个夏季,中南半岛西侧沿海和长山山脉西侧迎风坡为降水大值区和降水日方差大值区.陆地上平原地区和远海海面降水主要出现在16-19LST(local standard time);沿海海面在07-10LST达到降水最大值.降水在白天由沿海分别向内陆和远海海面传播;夜间,降水从远海海面向沿海地区回传,但没有发现内陆向沿海地区回传.长山山脉西侧迎风坡的一南一北两个区域,表现出明显不同的降水日变化特征,其原因与降水的传播有关.01-04LST,降水大值区出现在泰国湾东部沿海,并向中南半岛岛内传播,16-19LST在长山山脉西南侧形成降水大值区,之后降水进一步沿山脉向西北传播,并于次日01-04LST传到长山山脉西北侧区域,通过降水的这种传播特征从而导致长山山脉迎风坡一侧不同的降水日变化特征.     

城建典雅人口众多有“世界大都会”的美誉 塔寺林立金碧辉煌有“佛教之都”的美称 河道纵横货运频繁有“东方威尼斯”美名 泰国首都曼谷以历史古迹美丽风光旅游胜地名誉环宇

曼谷(Bangkok),泰国首都,东南亚第二大城市,被誉为"佛教之都"。泰国人称曼谷为"军贴",意思是"天使之城"。曼谷正式名字是全世界最长的地方名字,将其泰文全称转为拉丁文字,总共由167个字母组成,其中文意思为:"天使之城、伟大的都市、玉佛的宿处、坚不可摧的城市、被赠予九块宝石的世界大都会、充满着像似统治转     

Geochemical characteristics of the oceanic island-type volcanic rocks in the Chiang Mai zone,northern Thailand

The oceanic island volcanic rocks in the Chiang Mai zone, northern Thailand, are usually covered by Lower Carboniferous and Upper Permian shallow-water carbonate rocks, with the Hawaii rocks and potash trachybasalt being the main rock types. The alkaline series is dominant with sub-alkaline series occurring in few cases. The geochemical characteristics are described as follows: the major chemical compositions are characterized by high TiO₂, high P₂O₅ and medium K₂O; the rare-earth elements are characterized by right-inclined strong LREE-enrichment patterns; the trace element patterns are of the upward-bulging K-Ti enrichment type; multi-component plots falling within the fields of oceanic island basalts and alkali basalts, belonging to the oceanic island-type volcanic rocks, which are similar to the equivalents in Deqin and Gengma (the Changning-Menglian zone) of Yunnan Province, China.     

泰国北部清迈带洋岛型火山岩特征研究

泰国北部清迈带洋岛型火山岩常被下石炭统及上二叠统浅水碳酸盐岩覆盖,主要岩石类型有夏威夷岩和钾质粗面玄武岩。以碱性系列为主,极个别亚碱性。主要化学成分以高TiO2、高P2O5和中K2O为特征;稀土元素强烈的轻稀土富集右倾斜型;微量元素模式呈K-Ti上隆富集型;多种成分投图落于洋岛玄武岩区及碱性玄武岩区,属于洋岛型火山岩。与中国云南德钦、耿马(昌宁-孟连带)洋岛玄武岩类似,它们是清迈带古特提斯洋壳的极重要组成部分。