讷河局砂石资源监管扎实有效

讷河市国土资源局把砂石资源监管纳入今年重点工作,把监管工作贯穿到砂石资源产运销各个环节,实行常态化管理,重点对嫩江流域、讷谟尔河流域开展巡查,加大对违法行为的打击力度。     

Impacts of climatic change on river runoff in northern Xinjiang of China over last fifty years

The characteristics of climatic change and river runoff, as well as the response of river runoff to climatic change in the northern Xinjiang are analyzed on the basis of the hydrological and meteorological data over the last 50 years by the methods of Mann-Kendall nonparametric test and the nonlinear regression model. The results show that: 1) The temperature and the precipitation increased significantly in the whole northern Xinjiang, but the precipitation displayed no obvious change, or even a decreasing trend in the northern mountainous area of the northern Xinjiang. 2) River runoff varied in different regions in the northern Xinjiang. It significantly increased in the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains and the north of the northern Xinjiang (p=0.05), while slightly increased in the west of the northern Xinjiang. 3) North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) affects river runoff by influencing temperature and precipita-tion. The NAO and precipitation had apparent significant correlations with the river runoff, but the temperature did not in the northern Xinjiang. Since the mid-1990s river runoff increase was mainly caused by the increasing temperature in the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains and the north of the northern Xinjiang. Increased precipitation resulted in increased river runoff in the west of the northern Xinjiang.     

宝清县锅盔山地区多金属矿地质特征分析

宝清县锅盔山地区已开展过1：5万水系沉积物测量、1：2万土壤地球化学测量、1：2万高精度磁法测量、1：2万激电中梯测量及1：2万地质简测工作。现正在使用槽探和钻探工程对异常和矿化蚀变带进行揭露与控制。通过上述工作,大致圈定了区内各类地质体的分布范围,并初步揭示了区内构造和蚀变矿化特征。     

Damming of large river by debris flow: Dynamic process and particle composition

The frequency and extent of debris flows have increased tremendously due to the extreme weather and the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008. Previous studies focused on the debris flow from gullies damming the mountain streams. In this paper, an equation for the run-out distance of debris flow in the main river is proposed based on the dynamic equation of debris flow at different slopes given by Takahashi. By undertaking field investigations and flume experiments, a new calculation method of the volume of debris flow damming large river is obtained. Using the percolation theory and the renormalization group theory it was deduced that the large particles should comprise more than 50% for forming a stable debris flow dam. Hence, the criteria of damming large river by debris flow is presented in terms of run-out distance and grain composition which was then validated through the event of damming river by debris flow at Gaojia gully, the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, Sichuan, China, on July 3, 2011.     

远源细粒辫状河心滩坝演化与河流分叉的交互沉积过程:现代沉积启示与数值模拟分析

远源细粒辫状河广泛发育于河流的中下游，其形成的致密储层是深入挖潜油气面临的挑战。结合现代远源细粒辫状河演变的遥感记录影像，运用基于泥沙水动力学的沉积过程数值模拟软件Delft3D正演远源细粒辫状河的生长演化过程，并探讨物源供给对远源细粒辫状河形态的影响，深入剖析和解释远源细粒辫状河心滩坝演化与河流分叉的交互作用和沉积过程，并进行了现代沉积验证。研究表明:①河道沿下游方向由窄变宽是触发远源细粒辫状河形成的主要地形条件。河流流速和河岸牢固程度是决定河流宽度的重要因素。②远源细粒辫状河心滩坝演化与河流分叉的交互沉积过程是心滩坝泥沙与河流流水交互作用的沉积演化过程。心滩坝泥沙与河流流水交互作用具体包括泥沙在河流中的沉积作用和河流对泥沙的侵蚀作用。③远源细粒辫状河心滩坝演化与河流分叉的交互沉积过程包括3种:河道内心滩坝加积导致河流分叉、心滩坝与河岸分离导致河流分叉、心滩坝的局部冲裂分解导致河流分叉。该研究丰富了远源细粒辫状河沉积理论，并且有助于分析远源细粒辫状河沉积相的储层空间展布规律并应用于油气的深入勘探开发。      

利用伪归一化差异水体指数提取城镇周边细小河流信息

通过对归一化差异水体指数NDWI中的绿波段修正,提出了不依赖于中红外波段的伪归一化差异水体指数FNDWI（False NDWI）。使用NDWI和FNDWI分别在背景地物为城市、城郊、乡镇、村落和山区的遥感影像上进行河流水体提取,实验表明,FNDWI影像中城镇建筑用地与河流水体的可分离性较NDWI有所提升,提升率为116%~335%不等;相关性分析表明,河流宽度与可分离性提升率具有明显的负相关关系,相关系数为-0.82;分类结果显示,在城市和城郊区域,NDWI提取的水体中混杂有较多城镇建筑用地信息,而FNDWI提取的水体中基本未见混杂。总体上,FNDWI提高了2种地物的可分离性,剔除了NDWI影像混入的城镇建筑用地信息,较好地解决了NDWI城镇建筑用地与河流水体的混淆问题,尤其适用于城镇周边的细小河流。     

关于悬沙级配沿垂线分布的有效悬浮指标

讨论了要流悬沙中某级泥沙所占全体悬沙之Ｐｉ的两种定义,根据Ｈ．Ｒｏｕｓｅ含沙量分布公式,导出了相应的Ｐｉ／Ｐａ、Ｐｉ／Ｐｉｐｊ、Ｐｉ／ＰｉｐｊＱ等３种形式的悬沙级配沿垂线相对分布表达式;表达了有效悬浮δｉ的物理函义及其实际应用取值问题。     

原子吸收光谱法测定土壤和水系沉积物中的银

样品经四酸分解,1％的硝酸提取,2％硫脲定溶。石墨炉原子吸收测定样品中的银,方法检出限0．014ug/g,精密度（RSD,n=6）4％～16％;回收率为96％～104％。方法经国家一级标准物质验证,测定结果与标准值相符。     

渭河盆地的水系与现代构造运动

通过卫星象片解释、实地调查测量和查阅历史文献,本文较全面地研究了渭河盆地的水系及其所反映的现代构造运动特征。水系平面组合形态、渭河河型、水系转折及冲沟错位、河流密度、渭河河床的迁移、历史水涝灾害都一致地反映本区现代构造运动继承了第四纪以来的特点。水系历史演变又表明现代构造运动具有周期性。据水系错位和河流流向的统计分析确定本区现代构造应力场主压应力方向为N50°～60°E。本文最后还讨论了根据水系研究现代构造运动的意义以及应注意的问题。