发展广东复合农林业避免农业土地的荒漠化

随着人口增长和经济发展,农业活动导致了生物多样性丧失和自然生境变化,引起了土壤侵蚀,进而导致土壤荒漠化.复合农林业可避免土地荒漠化并减少农业活动中的主要环境风险.据调查,广东省复合农林业生态系统类型约500余种,极具多样性,主要有农林系统、林牧系统、农林牧系统、林渔系统、林农牧渔系统、林农虫系统和旅游观光型农林系统等.广东省土地总面积的2/3是丘陵地,以复合农林业生态系统的运行模式调整农业结构,优化资源和生产要素的组合,可以提高区域生产力,改善生态环境和促进经济的持续性发展.     

松嫩平原湿地荒漠化现状、成因和对策

湿地荒漠化导致湿地提供资源和改善环境功能的丧失,使人类生存环境恶化。随着湿地荒漠化的日益加剧,必须探讨湿地荒漠化的机制,以便采取措施缓解其荒漠化进程并最终改善荒漠化湿地的生态环境。文中介绍了松嫩平原湿地荒漠化现状,探讨了湿地荒漠化成因,并提出了缓解湿地荒漠化进程的对策,对于保护和改善湿地生态环境、合理利用湿地资源具有一定的指导意义。     

西北内陆河流域土地荒漠化概念模型

土地荒漠化是西北内陆河流域主要生态环境问题。通过对荒漠化问题及其成因研究的成果分析,认为土地荒漠化是地域内由植被、地质地貌、水文水资源、气象气候和土壤五大因子组成的自然因素和人类活动综合作用的结果。自然因素中不仅每个因子都是具有自身变化规律的相对独立的个体,因子间也具有复杂的反馈关系。人类活动通过改变自然因素而对荒漠化产生作用。不同的自然因素,人类活动方式不同。由此构建土地荒漠化模型。这一模型具有概念明晰、易于确定人类因素和自然因素对荒漠化的影响程度及易于实现等特点。进一步给出了可实现的量化模型。     

甘肃省张掖市土地荒漠化发展动态及成因探析

张掖市土地荒漠化的面积由新中国成立初到1993年增加了一倍,1999年比1993年增加59265hm²;土地荒漠化的发生与发展是自然和人为因素综合作用的结果,自然因素是土地荒漠化发生与发展的客观原因,但在具体的时间和空间范围内,人为因素是导致土地荒漠化发生、发展和加剧的最直接、最主要因素。对于客观原因形成土地荒漠化的作用,人类在有限的发展过程中很难改变,人类能做的仅仅是在认识土地荒漠化形成的人为原因的基础上,通过改变自身的行为来抑制土地荒漠化进程,恢复退化的自然植被。人为因素的作用体现在人口激增、不合理的生产活动和政府决策失误三个方面,不合理的生产活动表现为超载过牧、过度垦荒、过度樵采、水资源利用不当等方面。     

一种改进的融合多指标荒漠化等级分类方法

土地荒漠化等级分类是荒漠化监测的重要内容,也是土地荒漠化综合治理、科学防护的基础。针对植被稀疏及干旱区土地荒漠化提取异常的问题,本文选择干旱/半干旱的科尔沁区为试验区,以2005、2010和2015年3期的中高分辨率Landsat遥感影像为数据源,基于大量的样本统计分析,提出了一种融合植被覆盖度（FVC）、去土壤植被指数（MSAVI）、增强性植被指数（EVI）3种指标的荒漠化提取模型,并将之与传统植被覆盖度指标提取结果进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,相较于单一植被指数反演方法,本文提出的算法分类精度更高,尤其针对干旱/半干旱地区,该融合植被指数法具有更好的适用性和稳健性。该方法为荒漠化评价体系的建立提供了新的思路,为土地荒漠化防护与治理提供了辅助决策支撑。     

梭梭林可持续管理的最佳实践技术研讨会在蒙古乌兰巴托召开

正2014年12月17~18日,应联合国防治荒漠化公约秘书处亚洲办事处的邀请,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所蒋进研究员参加了在蒙古国首都乌兰巴托举办的"梭梭林可持续管理的最佳实践技术研讨会"。会议旨在交流梭梭林可持续管理的经验和技术,建立梭梭林可持续管理的技术平台,为蒙古国逐渐退化的梭梭林及环境恢复提供服务。会议由韩国森林服务局、蒙古环境和绿色发展部、东北亚荒漠化、土地退化和干旱网络(dldd-nean)、联合国防治荒漠化公约秘书处(UNCCD)以及韩国-蒙古     

Identification and evaluation of desertification reversal in China: indicators and methods review

With gradual emergence of desertification reversal after inception of combative attempts in China, its evaluation which is based on solid identification is imperative. However, either identification or evaluation lacks consensus and are limited in earlier studies. This paper endeavors to fill this gap by relying on a systematic review of recent studies. After a clarification of causal relation of identification and evaluation, an argument of indicators and models selection is presented taking sustainability, cost and benefits, public interest and individual behavior into account. At first, we emphasize the logical and sequential importance of identification as prerequisite of evaluation, and demonstrate that fundamental identification could be operated by both direct and indirect implementations, though direct implementation usually seems to be a favorite al- tel＇native. Here, we emphasize a consideration of sustainable development, cost and benefits, public interest and individual behaviors together, due to the hiatus of incorporating economic and ecological segments together, and the innate theoretical deficiencies on environmental products of traditional economic and ecological methods of evaluation. Thus, we conceptually merge the economic and ecological segments into one theoretical framework. However, no matter how elaborate the models is, there is an apparent gap of both identification and evaluation due to failure of dynamic interpretations, thereby, it may be future trend and urgency on models＇ elaboration.     

Study on dynamic changes of land desertification in the circum-lake zone of the Qinghai Lake in the past 30 years supported by Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System

The circum-lake zone of the Qinghai Lake is one of the most serious regions of desertification on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Based on Remote Sensing （RS） and Geographical Information System （GIS） techniques, the four sets of remote sensing images acquired in 1976, 1987, 1995, and 2006 were selected to conduct thematic information extraction in 14,300 km2 of land in the circum-lake zone using the Earth Resource Data Analysis System （ERDAS） image and information processing function. In the meantime the off-site interpretation and filed check-correction methods were used to recon- struct the temporal-spatial dynamic changes and differentiation patterns of land desertification in the circum-lake zone in the past 30 years, and based on this, the developmental trend of land desertification in the next 20 years was predicted. The results of the study show that in the past 30 years land desertification in the region experienced a continuous fluctuation between rapid- and slow-development processes in time, while in space it exhibited a few small patchy distributions or sporadic distributions in many places while at the same time, four large sand-dominated distributions stood out and evolved into a circum-lake belt differentiation pattern with a lakeside dike as the connecting line. Due to the integrated effects of climate changes, human activities and artificial rehabilitation, land desertification area in the region in the next 20 years will exhibit an increasing trend in the first 15 years and then increase at a slower rate, and afterward occur in a reverse, decreasing trend.     

IPCC《气候变化与土地特别报告》解读

总结了IPCC《气候变化与土地特别报告》中有关陆气相互作用、粮食系统与粮食安全、土地退化和荒漠化、可持续土地管理等的主要结论,分析了报告中争议较大的粮食系统温室气体排放、生物质能源、土地温室气体通量等问题。我国在粮食系统全生命周期温室气体排放量估算、基于遥感测量和地面测量的大气浓度等数据反演温室气体排放量等方面需要深入研究。同时,我国要继续加强可持续土地管理,提高相应的技术措施和能力建设。     

基于干燥度指数的辽西北土地风蚀荒漠化判别

在土地利用分类的基础上,剔除山地、丘陵、岗地、水域及建筑用地等类型,研究辽西北地区风蚀荒漠化问题,试图找到一条半湿润易旱的界线。研究以TM、MODIS影像为数据源,以多种植被指数为参考指标,运用决策树方法对研究区进行分类,结果显示：非荒漠化、轻度、中度、重度与极重度风蚀荒漠化面积分别占辽西北总面积的44．38％、25．...