云南昭通市头寨沟滑坡—碎屑流

1991—09—2318：18左右,云南省昭通市盘河乡头寨沟村发生山体巨型滑坡,约2000万m3。滑体物质由玄武岩组成,具有整体滑落、位能大、速度快之特点。主动滑落之岩块,撞击山头后,变成十分破碎的岩石碎块,并以强大的动能沿着头寨沟沟谷向下游方向流动（呈干燥状态）达2．8km远,直至盘河岸边碎屑物质才停止下来。滑体滑落高差为760m。在头寨沟沟谷中,仅2～3min时间内这场罕见的巨型滑坡——碎屑流造成了惨重的人员伤亡和经济损失。共有216人遇难,7人受伤,掩埋牲畜252头,毁坏民房202间,毁坏耕地20hm。以及大量的森林植被,直接经济损失约1200万元（据省计委国土办）。此次滑坡引起了强烈的地面震动,昭通地震台接收到震级为3．5级的震波。     

排出障碍，开发生物质气化技术

生物质气化是把废物转化气体,它对开创新兴可再生能源来源是有潜力的,但须避免工厂产生不必要的副产品,另外还要找到可靠且稳定的生物质来源,但这并非易事。     

渤南洼陷沙四上段非均质性储层“二步建模”方法及应用

渤南洼陷沙四上段油气储层非均质性明显,砂层薄且与泥质间层分布,储层分布规律和空间叠置关系复杂。储层主要受深水盐湖、扇三角洲、滑塌浊积扇、近岸浊积扇、远岸浊积扇五类沉积相控制。利用先进的GridStrat建模软件,采用特殊的"二步建模"处理方法,根据不同沉积相的储层参数分布规律,进行井间插值或随机模拟,建立了沉积相、岩性、孔隙度、渗透率和产能系数模型。沉积相模型显示出扇三角洲及浊积扇是砂体分布的主体,且分布范围广;岩性模型显示出不同岩类的分布受沉积相带、构造位置及不同物源控制。孔、渗模型显示沉积相带和岩性是决定储层孔隙度与渗透率发育程度的主控因素。孔隙度决定了储油气空间的数量,渗透率决定了储层产能系数的大小。产能系数模型显示出产能潜力区为浊积扇和扇三角洲的叠合分布区。研究结论对油田开发部署起到积极指导作用。     

太湖秋季光学活性物质空间分布及其遥感估算模型研究

基于2004年秋季在太湖进行的一次大范围水体吸收系数、散射系数、辐照度比等生物光学特性及光学活性物质浓度的测定和计算,分析了秋季太湖光学活性物质浓度的空间分布特征以及水体生物光学特性,并在此基础上发展了内陆浅水湖泊非色素颗粒物、浮游植物色素和有色可溶性有机物(chromophoric dissolved organic matter,CDOM)的半分析模型.     

河流活性物质入海通量:概念与方法

河流水体中呈溶解态和悬浮物结合态的元素活动性强,具有生态环境意义,查明其入海通量是当前生态地球化学评价的重要任务。通过总结前人的相关研究成果,确定了影响河流水体悬浮物的浓度及其矿物、化学组成的主要因素。从沿海经济带区域生态地球化学评价的实际需要出发,拟定了开展中国主要入海河流水溶态和悬浮物结合态元素入海通量调查的基本框架。     

Associations and mobility of uranium in soils near a depleted uranium （DU） weapons testing site, SW Scotland

Natural uranium has three isotopes, ^238U, ^235U and ^234U, with natural abundances of 99.27 atom %, 0.72% and 0.0055%, respectively. Only ^235U is fissile and the production of nuclear fuel and nuclear weapons involves enrichment of uranium in ^235U. This process also results in separation of ^234U from ^238U, leaving depleted uranium （DU）, with typical ^234U/^238U and ^235U/^238U activity ratios of about 0.19 and 0.013, respectively, as a waste product. The high density, high melting and boiling points and chemical stability of uranium and the availability of DU in relatively pure form mean that DU has many uses, including armour-piercing munitions. Such munitions have been developed in the UK since the 1960s and testing has been carried out by the Ministry of Defence （MoD） at firing ranges such as Dundrennan, SW Scotland and Eskmeals, NW England. The firing of DU munitions can result in the dispersion of DU and its combustion products （oxides） as aerosols or as larger fragments, with the potential for human exposure either directly at the site of detonation or via post-depositional migration in the environment. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential environmental mobility of DU by characterizing the associations of U in soil porewaters with increasing distance from a firing site. To this end, several soil cores located down-wind of the firing site at Dundrennan, near Kirkcudbright, SW Scotland, were collected in May 2006. These were sectioned on-site into 1- or 2-cm depth intervals and porewaters were isolated by centfifugation （10 minutes; 8873 g） on return to the laboratory. Following filtration through 0.2-micron cellulose nitrate filters, the porewaters were analyzed by ICP-QMS （U concentration） and ICP-OES （Fe, Al, Ca, Mg, Mn concentrations）. Sub-samples were also subjected to centrifugal ultrafiltration （100, 30, and 3 kD） and to gel electrophoretic fractionation （agarose; 0.045 M Tris-borate; 20 mA, 30 minutes）. Results showed that U was present at up to 4 μg/L in the soil porewater and that the associations of U varied with sample location and soil depth.     

Water chemical behavior at Yangtze （Changjiang） River estuary

Geochemical cycling has received wide attention due to the need to understand the pathways of pollutants through our present environment. In this regard the Yangtze River plays a significant role in putting those pollutants into the East China SeafWorld Oceans. The Yangtze River is of high sedimentation rate and water discharge. The watershed covers variable climate regions from temperate to subtropical and from semiarid to humid. Twenty three （23） sampling locations at the estuary have been selected for understanding the dynamic relationships. The elements （Cl^-, SO4^2-, Na^＋, K^＋, and Ca^2＋） show conservative behavior during mixing of fresh water with saline water whereas Mg^2＋, Mn^2＋ show a non-conservative pattern . The relationships between Na^＋/SO4^2- and Cl^-/SO4^2- molar ratios show a mixing of more than two water sources.     

建立激励机制 推进企业向纵深发展

在企业竞争日益激烈的今天,怎样建立起大企业的用人激励机制,发挥人才的作用?是提高企业竞争力的重要环节。通过薪酬福利制度、员工持股物质激励等,满足员工的物质需要;通过尊重员工、重视与员工的沟通与协调等精神激励,满足员工的精神需要; 通过发展激励,重视员工的个体成长和职业生涯设计、团队精神的培养和建立宽松的企业氛围,满足员工的发展需要,从而建立良好的激励机制。必将从根本上激活企业,使企业立于不败之地。     

中国中新生代咸化湖盆烃源岩沉积的问题及相关进展

我国东部断陷湖盆和西部坳陷湖盆第三系均有蒸发岩与烃源岩共生现象。前者水体深、咸化范围小，在氯化盐和碳酸盐沉积环境中形成了优质烃源岩，后者水体浅、咸化范围大，在氯化盐和硫酸盐沉积环境中发育了优质烃源岩，作者认为两种湖盆出现的水体分层是有机质堆积和保存的重要条件。济阳坳陷和柴达木盆地为两类咸化湖盆的典型代表，对它们的研究可以深化蒸发岩-烃源岩共生区油气地质的认识、促进勘探发展。