泥炭沉积中植硅体对环境指示的意义--以吉林敦化泥炭剖面为例

泥炭地作为环境变化的敏感带,成为当前环境气候研究的热点之一.植硅体的抗腐蚀、耐高温、个体小、产量高的特点为第四纪环境变迁的研究提供了有效途径.相比孢粉分析而言,植硅体在提高分辨率和恢复局部区域环境方面体现了其优越性.对泥炭沉积中的植硅体进行了分析,初步证实植硅体对重建泥炭地古环境变迁模式起着重要的作用,对提高古气候变化的分辨率有很大的帮助.     

AGE STRUCTURES OF MODULES OF CLONAL PEATLAND SEDGE Carex middendorffii

Age structure of a plant population carries important information on population dynamics. The traditional age classification of individuals by development phases could not explain the generation relationship neither between individuals nor between modules, and it could not accurately predict the future of population or the tendency of peatland evolution. In a peatland of the Xiao Hinggan Mountains, China, at the middle of the growth season, the age structures of 3 modules, ramets, active buds and rhizomes of a Carex middendorffii clonal population were investigated, with the method of classifying age classes of ramets and active buds by counting generation quantity of tiller nodes, and classifying age classes of rhizomes by their real survival time. The quantity of vegetative ramets was dominant. Tiller nodes of ramets can propagate vegetatively for a maximum of 3 generations. The population of ramets consisted of 3 age classes of ramets at the middle of the growth season, and showed a stable age structure. In the two sampling events, there was no significant difference between quantities and age structure of the population. The maximum age of an excavated rhizome was 12 years old. Rhizomes were classified in 8 age classes, and age classes 4-6 contributed most to the total biomass. There was no significant difference in total length and total biomass per unit area, or in biomass per unit length in rhizomes between the two samplings. Four age classes of active buds were recognized, and their number increased from July to August. The Carex middendorffii clonal population achieved regeneration by budding from the tiller nodes of ramets. The age structures of the 3 modules suggested that the Carex middendorffii clonal population could persist in the early development phase of the oligotrophic peatland in the Xiao Hinggan Mountains, but it could not be dominant. It also faces the risk to disappear from the community as the peatland develops further.     

中国泥炭资源地理信息系统的建立与应用研究

借助现代计算机和地理信息系统(GIS)技术，以MAPINFO为基本地理信息系统平台，MAPBASIC为模型开发工具，ACCESS为后台数据库，POWERBUILDER为综合集成工具，在对现有大量泥炭资源信息进行处理的基础上，初步建立了中国泥炭资源地理信息系统(China Peat GIS)。该系统提供的泥炭资源GIS数据信息、多媒体信息、各种文本信息对于泥炭资源的合理开发利用和相关科学研究具有重要意义。     

青藏东北部若尔盖高原全新世泥炭沉积年代学研究

用泥炭纹泥计年与14C测年相结合的新方法,首次在青藏高原东北部的若尔盖高原建立了系列完整、可信度佳和年尺度的高分辨率更新世末及全新世泥炭沉积年代谱,时间跨度为 13 6 5 5年至现在;阐明了若尔盖高原不同类型全新世泥炭沉积的时序和空间分异规律;从沉积学上证实了各期仙女木事件的存在和发生时间;划定全新世大暖期为距今 95 0 0～ 2 0 0 0年,是泥炭沉积高速期;计算了泥炭沉积率。上述结果对青藏高原也有一定代表意义.     

长白山圆池的泥炭沼泽及生态旅游

长白山圆也周围分布着各种类型的泥炭沼泽，衍生着由低位泥炭向中位泥炭、高位泥炭的发育过程，是进行科学研究和地学旅游的风景胜地。本文从生态学的意义上提出了在保护中开发和在开发中保护的建议。     

镇安盆地泥炭,软褐煤中的氯仿沥青“A”及其族组分的荧光特征

对滇西镇安盆地泥炭、软褐煤中的稳定组成进行荧光分析测试并未获得满意参数,又对其中抽提物—氯仿沥青“A”及其族组分进行荧光光度机测定,得到一些新的认识.     

若尔盖地区泥炭资源的开发与珍稀动物资源的保护

若尔盖地区广布的沼泽地蕴藏着丰富的泥炭资源,北区部分泥炭沼泽地又是珍稀动物赖以生存的栖息场所,全面开发泥炭资源势必影响珍稀动物的生存。本文根据泥炭资源分布规律与珍稀动物的分布、活动规律及其相关性,论述了泥炭资源合理开发与珍稀动物资源保护,二者兼顾的意见。