西藏羌北地区石炭纪地层的发现

西藏羌北地区从未发现过有可靠化石依据的石炭纪地层。在西藏1∶25万玛依岗日幅区域地质调查中,于原侏罗系分布区内,发现了一套厚度大于298·05m的以碳酸盐岩为主夹碎屑岩地层。碳酸盐岩中含丰富的Eostaffella、Pseudoendothyra、Milleralla、Ozawainella、Pseudostaffella、Profusulinella、Fusulina、Fusulinella、Triticites、Protricites等,属于典型的石炭纪分子。虽未见顶、底,但它是羌北地层分区的唯一一处有可靠化石依据的石炭纪地层,故建立瓦垄山组(C1-2w)。     

北部湾涠洲岛南湾火山砂岩捕虏体光释光(OSL)测年结果

涠洲岛是北部湾内的一座火山岛,火山活动初步可以分为早-中更新世和晚更新世2期。晚期南湾火山是典型的射气岩浆喷发成因的火山,文中报道了南湾火山的上、下2层火山碎屑岩中砂岩捕虏体的光释光(OSL)测年结果,提出南湾火山喷发时代为距今约3万年左右的晚更新世末期     

碳排放权交易的减污降碳协同效应及影响机制

减污降碳协同共治能够缓解我国环境质量改善和温室气体减排的双重压力。碳排放权交易是减碳的关键市场手段,厘清其对大气污染治理的协同作用至关重要。文中基于2006—2019年我国省级面板数据,使用双重差分法(DID)分析了碳排放权交易试点政策的协同作用,并通过中介效应模型检验了其影响机制。研究发现：碳交易试点具有显著的减污降碳协同效应,其中CO₂与SO₂的协同控制效果最显著,但政策效应的持续性有待增强;政策能通过降低能源消费量、改善能源结构这两条路径降低CO₂与大气污染物排放,但调整产业结构尚不存在该传导作用。为增强碳排放权交易的减污降碳协同效应,文中从加强碳交易监管力度、坚持能源消费提质降耗、扩大全国碳市场行业覆盖范围3个方面提出了政策建议。     

探测未爆炸弹的地球物理技术综述

采用综合地球物理勘查技术探测未爆炸弹(UXO)具有快速、定位准确和成本低廉的优势.综述了国内外广泛应用的地面高精度磁测法、电磁法以及地质雷达和微重力法在探测UXO中的特点和效果,介绍了国外航空磁测法及航空电磁法探测UXO的进展,并根据某些探测实例阐述了在具体实施过程中应注意的技术问题;提出了适合中国UXO探测的一些措施和建议.     

GRB 130310A: very high peak energy and thermal emission

The special GRB 130310 A was observed by Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor and Large Area Telescope,with T90~2.4 s.With a combination of a Band function and a blackbody(BB)function,the time-resolved spectral analysis of GRB 130310 A confirmed that there is a sub-dominate thermal component in the early period(e.g.,slice T0+[4.03-4.14]s)spectrum with BB temperature(kT)being~7~5 keV,which can be interpreted as photosphere emission.The precursor of GRB 130310 A can be fitted well with a BB component with kT~45 keV,which is higher than that of the main burst.It suggests that the radiation of GRB 130310 A is in transition from thermal to non-thermal.Such a transition is an indication of the change in jet composition from a fireball to a Poynting-flux-dominated jet.A very high peak energy is obtained in the first time bin,with the peak energy E_p of the Band component for Band+BB and Band model being~8.5~5.2 MeV and~11.1~7.4 MeV,respectively.Afterwards,the E_p drops to~1 MeV.The E_p evolution patterns with respect to the pulses in the GRB 130310 A light curves show a hard-to-soft evolution.The interpretation of the high peak energy E_p within the photosphere and internal shock model is difficult.It also suggests that at least for some bursts,the Band component must invoke a non-thermal origin in the optically thin region of a GRB outflow.Assuming the redshift is z~0.1~8,the radius of the jet base r₀~10⁹ cm to allow(1+σ₁₅)>1 in line with the calculation results of the magnetization parameter at~1015 cm(σ₁₅).However,the value of(1+σ₁₅)is■1 in the zone z around 3 for r₀~10⁹ cm,suggesting the non-excluded possibility that the origin is from ICMART with a low value.The photosphere-internal shock seems capable of interpreting the high peak energy,which requires electron Lorentz factorγe~60 andεe~0.06.     

基于GM(1,1)模型的塔里木盆地南缘孤立绿洲降水灾变预测

我们选取了具有一定代表性的塔里木盆地南缘的孤立绿洲民丰县作为研究区,在对数据有效性的验证之后,利用研究区1980~1999年的降水资料,运用灰色系统理论的季节灾变预测方法,对该地区未来年份的降水量进行预测,并建立灰色季节灾变GM(1,1)预测模型,预测未来旱季到来的年份,为预测未来降水趋势提供了信息。结果表明:该研究区下一个旱灾灾变年大致指向2006年至2007年左右。这对合理利用本地气候资源具有实际意义,并且能够为研究干旱区气候变化提供一定的帮助。     

Spatio-temporal Dynamics of Urbanization in China Using DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Data from 1992–2013

Understanding the dynamics of urbanization is essential to the sustainable development of cities. Meanwhile the analysis of urban development can also provide scientifically and effective information for decision-making. With the long-term Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System(DMSP/OLS) nighttime light images, a pixel level assessment of urbanization of China from 1992 to 2013 was conducted in this study, and the spatio-temporal dynamics and future trends of urban development were fully detected. The results showed that the urbanization and urban dynamics of China experienced drastic fluctuations from 1992 to 2013, especially for those in the coastal and metropolitan areas. From a regional perspective, it was found that the urban dynamics and increasing trends in North Coast China, East Coast China and South Coast China were much more stable and significant than that in other regions. Moreover, with the sustainability estimating of nighttime light dynamics, the regional agglomeration trends of urban regions were also detected. The light intensity in nearly 50% of lighted pixels may continuously decrease in the future, indicating a severe situation of urbanization within these regions. In this study, The results revealed in this study can provided a new insight in long time urbanization detecting and is thus beneficial to the better understanding of trends and dynamics of urban development.     

St(a)ckel引力势理论的拓展及其应用

St(a)ckel引力势是一类最普遍形式的可分离势.具有St(a)ckel形式的星系是完全可积系统,即其中的恒星轨道都是规则的,其运动积分可以解析求出.运动积分——特别是作用量(J,一种特殊的运动积分),能简化恒星运动的描述;研究星系中恒星的运动学和动力学的重要途径是作用量空间,比如使用以作用量作为参量的分布函数f(J...     

基于旋翼无人机观测的雾天和霾天VOCs垂直分布特征研究

为研究雾和霾天气下VOCs时空变化特征,于2020年11月19日—2021年1月15日在江苏省东海国家气象观测站进行为期58 d的外场观测试验。利用自主研发的多旋翼无人机捕获2次辐射雾和2次霾天气过程,获得气温、气压、相对湿度、风向、风速、VOCs、O₃等7种要素100多条垂直廓线。结果表明：时间上,霾过程夜间VOCs体积浓度(0.225～0.253 ppm(parts per million, 1 ppm=10^-6))明显高于白天(0.191～0.205 ppm),雾形成前体积浓度(0.121～0.239 ppm)显著高于雾过程(0.056～0.209 ppm)。雾过程中VOCs体积浓度与雾强度变化相反,雾层高度与VOCs体积浓度剧烈变化高度一致,雾层(<200 m)中VOCs体积浓度(0.172～0.178 ppm)明显减小,显著低于雾形成前(0.195～0.240 ppm),雾层以上浓度变化大,雾结束后1 h内保持雾过程中分布特点。雾对逆温层中的水溶性污染物有清除作用,VOCs体积浓度和O₃质量浓度均下降。     

水体悬浮颗粒物中溶解态黑碳(DBC)的含量估算——以渤海为例

溶解态黑碳(DBC),通常被认为是黑碳或降解产物中可溶解于水的组分.作为一类具有高疏水性稠环芳香结构的物质, DBC完全可能以吸附在悬浮颗粒物或颗粒态有机物的形式存在(PDBC),并且不等同于黑碳颗粒物(PBC).然而,目前环境样品中测量黑碳的主流方法,尤其是颗粒物的处理方式,并未对这一部分黑碳进行测定.因此,自然界中DBC的量在很多研究中有可能被低估,使得目前关于DBC地球化学行为以及定量研究结果的可靠性存疑.本研究基于之前在渤海工作的详细数据,包括PBC、 DBC,以及颗粒有机碳含量、悬浮颗粒物浓度、多环芳烃含量,通过对比实测多环芳烃固液分布情况,圈定出渤海表层水体中PDBC固液分布系数(Kd)大致在0.018～0.072之间,含量在1.637～6.449μg C L^-1之间.同时,估算出渤海水体悬浮颗粒物上PDBC储量(2.049～8.194Gg),低于PBC储量(15.16Gg),却同属一个数量级,该结果表明, PDBC是渤海水体环境中DBC的重要存在形式.明确DBC在水体中的吸附解吸附过程是厘定DBC源汇定量关系以及完善海洋DBC迁移转化过程的重要一环.