Biodiversity and invasibility: Distribution patterns of invasive plant species in the Himalayas,Nepal

Invasive plant species are exerting a serious threat to biological diversity in many regions of the world. To understand plant invasions this study aims to test which of the two plant invasiveness hypotheses; ‘low native diversity' vs. ‘high native diversity', is supported by the regional distribution patterns of invasive plant species in the Himalayas,Nepal. This study is based on data retrieved from published literatures and herbarium specimens. The relationship between invasive plant species distribution patterns and that of native plant species is elucidated by scatter plots, as well as by generalized linear models. The native plant species and invasive plant species have similar distribution patterns and the maximum number of invasive plant species is found in the same altitudinal range where the highest richness for native tree species is found. There is a clear trend of higher invasive plant richness in regions where native tree species richness is relatively high.Consequently, the native plant richness is highest in the central phytogeographic region, followed by the eastern and the western regions, respectively. The invasive plant species also follows a similar trend.Additionally, the invasive plant species richness was positively correlated with anthropogenic factors such as human population density and the number of visiting tourists. This study supports the hypothesis that ‘high native diversity' supports or facilitates invasive plant species. Further, it indicates that nativeand invasive plant species may require similar natural conditions, but that the invasive plant species seem more dependent and influenced by anthropogenic disturbance factors.     

Root structure,distribution and biomass in five multipurpose tree species of Western Himalayas

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The tree root distribution pattern and biomass of seventeen year old trees of Grewia optiva, Morus alba, Celtis australis, Bauhinia variegata and Robinia pseudoacacia were studied by excavation method. B. variegata roots penetrated to a maximum depth of 4.78 m, whereas, M. alba roots were found down to 1.48 m depth. Lateral spread was minimum in B. variegata （1.10 m）and maximum inR. pseudoacacia （7.33 m）. Maximum root biomass of 6.30 kg was found in R. pseudoacacia and minimum （2.43 kg） was found in M. alba. For four species viz.,G. optiva, M. alba, C. australis andR. pseudoacacia, 68%-87% root biomass occurred within top 0-30 cm soil depth, but forB. variegata this was only45%. The soil binding factor was maximum in G. optiva and minimum in B. variegata. Soil physico-chemical properties also showed wide variation. The study suggests thatB. variegata with a deep root system is the most suitable species for plantation under agroforestry systems. R. pseudoacacia and G. optiva with deep root systems, more lateral spread and high soil binding factor are suitable for plantation on degraded lands for soil conservation.     

米槠次生林内4种植物叶片DOM的数量和质量特征

选取福建省三明市米槠次生林内的4种植物,即米槠(CAC),木荷(SCS),山杜英(ELS),芒萁(DID)为研究对象,对其叶片进行了室内淋溶处理,并分析了淋溶液中的可溶性有机碳(DOC)和可溶性有机氮(DON)含量及pH值,芳香性指标(AI)和荧光效率指数(Feff)等,以揭示其淋溶液中可溶性有机质(DOM)的数量和质量特征。结果表明:4种植物叶片DOM含量总体随淋溶次数的增加逐渐减小,其中首次淋溶后淋溶液中的DOC和DON含量最大,分别占总淋溶量的平均值为67.90%和44.51%;淋溶液中前3次DOC和DON淋溶量总和分别占10次淋溶总量的87.40%~94.77%和68.46%~72.49%;且前3次淋溶次数间呈极显著差异(P0.01),其后差异性不显著。DOM的pH值和光谱指标随着淋溶次数的增加逐渐上升.总体上乔木树种DOM的数量和质量比林下植被要高,这是由于乔木树种的DOM含有更多的养分和芳香类和腐殖化的高分子量化合物,而林下植被的DOM含有较多低分子量化合物和易分解组分。     

Response to climate change of different tree species and NDVI variation since 1923 in the middle arid region of Ningxia, China

The normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） is used extensively to describe vegetation cover and ecological environ- ment change. The purpose of this study was to contrast the response of different tree species growing in the same habitat to climate change and retrieve past NDVI using tree-ring width data from tree cores collected from the transitional zone of Pinus tabulaeformis and Picea crassifolia in the Luoshan Mountains in the middle arid region of Ningxia. Correlation analysis indi- cated that radial growth ofP tabulaeJbrmis is more sensitive to precipitation and temperature change than that ofP crassifolia. Natural factors such as water availability and heat at this elevation are more suited to the growth ofP crassifolia, and are more advantageous to its renewal and succession. P. crassifolia is probably the better of the two species for protecting the forest ecosystem and conserving water in the Luoshan desertification area. Ring width of P. crassifolia correlates significantly with average NDVI for April-May （r =0.641, p 〈0.01）, and both of them are influenced positively by precipitation in April-May. The reconstructed NDVI for 1923-2007 shows the relatively low vegetation cover occurred in the 1920s-1930s, the 1960s-1970s, and the early 21 st century. The reconstructed NDVI better reflected the drought climate in the study area.     

基于福鼎高分五号高光谱遥感数据森林优势树种识别的应用研究

通过分析高光谱遥感数据在自然资源调查中的研究现状及目前高光谱遥感数据地物光谱识别的主要技术方法及其精度情况,选取福鼎市一带作为试验区,基于GF5高光谱数据预处理后成果分别通过对数变换后一阶微分法、归一化变换后一阶微分法、主成分分析法、波谱角填图法等处理及分类方法,对竹林、马尾松、杉木、桉树、茶树、草地进行了试验提取。采用林业数据及第三次国土调查数据,结合外业调查进行精度评价,结果表明波谱角填图方法准确率最高。     

江山市10万多米农田林网建成

近年来，江山市在积极推进土地整理和标准农田建设的同时，也大力实施农田林网建设，为全市实现农业稳产、高产提供了有力支撑。该市按照标准农田建设的有关要求，通过在土地整理项目区内的主要路渠一侧或两侧，种植以速生杨等为主的乔木树种，切实提高了项目区的抗灾保丰收能力。为优质高效地完成土地整理项目区的农田林网建设，     

福建中亚热带天然阔叶用材林择伐技术Ⅰ.基于树种特征的目标树种清单

依据树种的最大直径、干形、枝下高、生长快慢、木材价值、保护等级等6个重要特征指标,参照各指标的标准,筛选出福建中亚热带天然阔叶用材林目标树种,共计26科62属79种,其中针叶树种15种、阔叶树种64种,优质目标树种39种、良好目标树种29种、特殊目标树种11种。     

Sentinel-2影像红边谱段对不同生长期区域优势树种识别的影响

以中国东北赤峰市美林地区5种典型优势树种为研究对象,采用与当地森林植被生长期相对应的5景Senti-nel-2影像,借助支持向量机模型(SVM)与递归特征消除算法(RFE),根据可见光-近红外波段(VNIR)与不同红边谱段(RE)及红边指数(REVI)组合条件下的森林优势树种可分性测度及结果精度差异,探讨Sentinel-2影像不同红边谱段及其指数特征对区域优势树种遥感识别的影响.结果表明:Sentinel-2影像红边谱段的不同组合方式对不同生长期优势树种识别影响存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中VNIR+B5+B6为生长盛期的最佳组合方式,能够在VNIR基础上将生长盛期的识别精度均值提升约7.71％;叶全变色期是进行优势树种识别的最佳时期(P<0.05),该时期基于VNIR波段的识别精度均值达71.28％,在叠加红边波段B5+B6后提升至75.41％.此外,采用SVM-RFE算法构建适用于不同生长期的最佳REVI组合,其平均识别精度能够在全年5个生长期达到72.00％～84.31％,相比同时期基于RE+VNIR组合的最优识别结果平均提升了10.77％;在此基础上,构建适用于全生长期的优选植被指数PSRI+mSAVI+CIred-edge时间序列,可实现89.03％的平均识别精度,比单时相最佳REVI组合提升了4.72％～17.03％.研究证明Sentinel-2影像红边谱段及其衍生指数特征在区域森林优势树种识别中具有较高的应用价值,可为快速、准确地提取不同生长期森林植被信息提供技术方法参考.