脆性基多孔材料孔洞的尺寸效应及其破坏模式研究

运用材料真实破坏过程分析系统RFPA2D,对含多孔的脆性材料进行单轴加载情况下的破坏机制以及孔洞的尺寸效应研究。其中的数值模型具有同样的尺寸（高 宽= 65 mm 100 mm）、同样的孔洞分布类型、同样的孔隙率（20 %）、不同的孔洞直径。数值计算的结果显示,各种孔径的模型具有近似的抗压强度,并且可以观察到没有裂纹局部化的拉破坏模式。结果表明,含孔脆性材料的近似脆性行为并没有引起材料的尺寸效应。     

Study on Size Distributions of Airborne Particles by Aircraft Observation in Spring over Eastern Coastal Areas of China

The authors studied the size distributions of particles at an altitude of 2000 m by aircraft observation over eastern costal areas of China from Zhuhai, Guangdong to Dalian, Liaoning (0.3,7-30μm, 57 channels,including number concentration distribution, surface area concentration distribution and mass concentration distribution). In these cities, the average daily concentrations of PM10 are very high. They are among the most heavily polluted cities in China. The main pollution sources are anthropogenic activities such as wood, coal and oil burning. The observed size distributions show a broad spectrum and unique multi-peak characteristics, indicating no significant impacts of individual sources from urban areas. These results are far different from the distribution type at ground level. It may reflect the comprehensive effect of the regional pollution characteristics. Monitoring results over big cities could to some extent reflect their pollution characteristics.     

中煤国际工程集团南京设计研究院

李明武同志作为主要骨干设计人参加了国家重点项目兖州矿区井型最大、最后开工建设的特大型现代化矿井——东滩矿井(井型4．00Mt／a)的采区设计和长时间担任现场施工代表。矿井设计特点和创新：1、加大采区尺寸利于机械化程度和生产能力提高；2、原煤系统运输能力大，为矿井高产、连续生产创造了先决条件；3、生产合理集中，减人提效。节省投资，缩短工期；4、改革采区巷道布置，减少矿片工程量。矿井投产后，产量稳步增长，     

急倾斜煤层开采地表塌陷坑形成机理与安全矿柱尺寸研究

地表塌陷坑和台阶状塌陷盆地是急倾斜煤层开采地表移动的主要形式.本文从力学原理出发,对急倾斜煤层开采地表出现塌陷坑的机理、决定因素进行了研究,当煤层倾角大于55.时,冒落岩石下滑形成上部自由空间,这是产生地表塌陷坑的先决条件.利用极限平衡条件,获得了避免地表出现塌陷坑的矿柱安全留设尺寸及其稳定性系数表达武.当落入塌陷坑中的岩石和表土不足以支撑其它岩层时,地表塌陷坑的渐近破坏将可能导致地面出现台阶状塌陷盆地.研究结果表明,该方法可以用于指导生产实践中相关问题的解决.     

Significant effects of fishing gear selectivity on fish life history

Over the past few decades, extreme changes have occurred in the characters of exploited fish populations. The majority of these changes have affected the growth traits of fish life history, which include a smaller size-at-age, an earlier age-at-maturation and among others. Currently, the causes of these life history traits changes still require systematic analyses and empirical studies. The explanations that have been cited are merely expressed in terms of fish phenotypic adaptation. It has been claimed that the original traits of fish can be recovered once the intensity of exploitation of the fish is controlled. Sustained environmental and fishing pressure will change the life history traits of most fish species, so the fish individual’s traits are still in small size-at-age and at earlier age-at-maturation in exploited fish populations. In this paper, we expressed our view of points that fishing gear has imposed selectiv-ity on fish populations and individuals as various other environmental factors have done and such changes are unrecoverable. Ac-cording to the existing tend of exploited fish individual’s life history traits, we suggested further researches in this field and provided better methods of fishery management and thereby fishery resources protection than those available early.     

关于纳米地球科学的一些思考

纳米科技是认识和利用纳米物质(至少一个维度具有"纳米尺寸",通常1～100纳米)的学科范畴。在学术界、政府和工业界的多重推动下,纳米科技的重要性已经凸显。2003年美国NSF/DOC提出21世纪四大科技(即纳米科技、     

《中国煤炭地质》杂志插图要求

本刊2014年改为铜版彩印后,为了提高刊物质量,规范论文插图,美化版面,现就《中国煤炭地质》论文中插图要求如下:1、文中插图请作者单独提供电子版,文件格式可为"jpg、tif、eps、dwg"等或矢量格式如"cdr",一图一文件,并以第一作者姓名命名,如"李明图1、李明图2..."。2、图形尺寸应满足完整表达文中内容的需要,宽度以17 cm(排通栏)或8 cm(排半栏)两种为宜,并标出完整的中、英文图名和图注说明。图中的中文字体用宋体、英文用Times New Roman,字号为6号(11磅)。     

升降式深水网箱控制平台的尺寸设计

控制平台的宽度l与网箱主构架半径r正相关，设计时必须满足网箱框架外侧与平台的距离七大于零，其中：k=1-2＋√2/2r-√h4^2＋1/4l^2＋1/2r^2-√2/2rl,h4为控制平台高度，其受放置区水深h的制约，高度与水深的关系：h=h1＋h2＋h3＋2h4＋1/2H,h1为网衣缩结高度，h2为网衣底部重力装置高度，h3为重力装置到水底的距离，H为网箱放置区台风期预计最大波高。以“HDPE升降式圆形双浮管深水网箱”为应用实例，h=24m，H=7m，r=7.15m，h1=7．0m，h2=1．0m，l=25m，h4=5．0m，在浪高5m，风力10级的情况下，网箱系统工作正常。     

Spatial variations in depth-distribution of trace metals in coastal wetland sediments from Quanzhou Bay, Fujian Province, China

Four short cores were obtained from the coastal wetland of the Quanzhou Bay, Fujian Province, China, and sediment samples were analyzed with a Mastersizer 2000 for grain size analysis and an Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES) for trace metal analysis. The results of grain size analysis show that the wetland sediments are mainly composed of silt and clay, and the distribution of median grain size is affected by human activities obviously. The results of trace metal analysis show that the wetland sediments mainly originate from terrestrial materials in the Luoyangjiang River estuary and from contaminants discharged from adjacent rivers in Shuitou area. The heavy metal contamination in Luoyangjiang estuary decreased from 1984 to 2004 due to industry transformation, but has increased since 2004 because of the discharge of contaminants to the Jinjiang River and much living sewerage to the bay, and a large number of trace metals are trapped within Spartina alterniflora marsh.     

任务分配均衡的双参数CFAR舰船检测并行算法

双参数恒虚警率CFAR(Constant False Alarm Rate)是舰船目标检测中的常用算法。近年来,合成孔径雷达(SAR)分辨率不断提高,SAR图像幅宽增大,并且在检测时希望尽量保持舰船轮廓以便后续的舰船目标识别。双参数CFAR算法虽然能满足目标检测需求,但算法运行时间过长,不利于信息的及时处理。传统的MPI(Message Passing Interface)并行化解决方案在分配检测任务给各进程时,没有考虑因陆地掩膜,几何校正等预处理所导致的图像中待检测点分布不均。针对这一问题,本文提出改进的MPI并行化解决方案。与传统的MPI并行化解决方案相比,该方案能较为均衡地为各个进程分配检测任务。在集群计算机上的实验结果表明,改进后并行标准效率提高约43%。为应对机载SAR实时舰船目标检测的需求,在多核PC机上进行实验,结果表明,本文算法在多核PC机上也能有效地缩短检测时间,对实现机载SAR实时舰船目标检测有积极意义。