乡村转型背景下山-坝系统土地利用景观耦合与协调演变以贵州省6个山-坝系统为例

开展土地利用景观耦合与协调研究是土地利用优化的重要路径之一.当前相关研究多集中在地形平坦且经济发达的中国东部,对地形崎岖和经济欠发达山区的乡村土地利用转型的研究相对较少,且缺乏深入揭示山区坝地景观格局与土地利用的耦合研究.本文对西南山地山-坝系统的定义、类型进行探讨,总结山-坝系统土地利用景观耦合演变模式、土地利用景观...     

成都市景观格局与生态系统服务的关联效应

随着城镇化进程的加快,城市景观格局发生巨大变化,进而引起城市生态系统过程和结构变化,降低了生态系统功能的发挥和服务供给.然而,目前关于城市景观格局与生态系统服务的时空变化关系的定量研究较为缺乏.本文以成都市为研究区,利用景观指数分析、InVEST模型和皮尔逊相关分析等方法,分析2000—2015年土地利用中景观格局、生...     

连云港连岛海滨旅游度假区三维地形景观图制作

本文以连云港市连岛为例,利用1∶250 00地形图在Arcview GIS中建立DEM,采用ERDAS IMAGINE良好的三维显示功能,在自定义的投影坐标系统下,通过DEM和遥感正射影像的叠加,生成三维地形景观图,同时阐述了三维地形景观图是一种由基础测绘数字产品相互组合而形成的一种新型的复合测绘产品,并展望了三维地形景观图的应用前景.     

黄河三角洲湿地景观格局变化及其对生态系统服务的影响

利用RS和GIS技术分析黄河三角洲湿地景观格局变化,并评价其对区域生态系统服务的影响。结果表明,2004年该区湿地总面积为2 929.76 km^2,与1992年相比,增加354.26 km^2,湿地斑块总数增加120个;滩涂和苇草地面积减少,但仍是黄河三角洲湿地的优势景观类型;1992-2004年黄河三角洲区域非湿地与湿地之间面积转化剧烈,主要表现为非湿地转化为苇草地、水库,面积分别为324.90 km^2和189.16 km^2,而湿地类型之间面积转化相对较小。对该区湿地生态系统服务的定性评价表明,黄河三角洲湿地景观结构的剧烈变化会影响区域生态系统服务,特别是对其主要服务———物种多样性维持的影响会加剧该区生物多样性丧失风险,使濒危物种的保护难度加大。     

Landscape Dynamics and Driving Factors in Da＇an County of Jilin Province in Northeast China During 1956-2000

The landscape pattern of Da＇an County, Northeast China has undergone significant changes since the 1950s as a result of climatic change and human activities. The aim of this paper is to quantitatively study landscape pattern and its spatial dynamics of Da＇an County at the landscape level over the nearly 50-year span. Patch dynamics were examined according to land use and land cover change processes built from a series of images, as well as topographic maps, and temporal patterns built from landscape pattern metrics. The transition matrix of landscape patch types and changes of various landscape metrics were applied. The results showed that, from 1956 to 2000, the landscape within the study area had undertaken a complicated evolution in landscape structure and composition. The outstanding characteristic is that saline-alkali land increased and grassland decreased. As some smaller patches amalgamated, the heterogeneity of patch decreased. All those changes were the synthetic result of both climatic and anthropogenic influences, but the predominant factor was different in different parts. In the southern part of the study area, the landscape pattern changes resulted from the modification of climate obviously, while in the northern part, the landscape pattern changes were mainly caused by human activities, such as the conversion between farmland and saline-alkali land. This phenomenon showed that human activities played more important role in the north than in the south of Da＇an County.     

Landscape Effects of Land Consolidation Projects in Central China——A Case Study of Tianmen City,Hubei Province

The goal of land consolidation in China is still to develop agricultural production. The study of landscape effects of land consolidation projects （LCPs） faces many difficulties because of the lack of government＇s interest and data. This paper, taking Tianmen City of Hubei Province in Central China as an example, presents a methodology for analyzing landscape effects of LCPs by GIS and Fragstats3.3. It describes landscape effects with indexes of Patch Density （PD）, Largest Patch Index （LPI）, Landscape Shape Index （LSI）, Interspersion and Juxtaposition Index （IJI）, Aggregation Index （AI）, and Shannon＇s Diversity Index （SHDI）, showing more regular shape, simpler structure and less habitat diversity after LCPs. It computes ten landscape indexes of four categories of patches including Cultivated Land, Road, Water Channel, and River and Pond. The indexes show that 1） cultivated land becomes more fragmental in patch area, less irregular in patch shape and more concentrated in block; 2） the transport capacity of roads and irrigation and drainage capacity of water channels have been improved; 3） the landscape change of river and pond can be summarized as decreasing scale, more regular shape, reducing connectivity and diversity of the class. LCPs can facilitate agricultural production as well as protect cultivated land and food security. However, it is doubted that the increase of cultivated land from LCPs results from the reducing in landscape diversity of water area.     

基于遥感的城市景观生态环境格局分析

借助RS和GIS技术,获取研究区城市的景观生态格局指标,运用定量分析的方法对各种生态类型在城市化进程中对景观格局的作用进行了研究。揭示了部分生态类型持续减少将对生态平衡造成破坏的情况,为城市的职能部门提出生态环境建设的建议和措施。     

基于RS和GIS的宁夏灵武市景观生态研究

基于遥感（RS）和地理信息系统（GIS）技术,以中巴资源卫星图像为基本数据源,利用ERDAS Imagine 8．4对图像进行波段组合、优化、增强,然后用hrcview GIS3．2对图像进行解译,最后综合运用景观生态学理论和方法,对典型农牧交错生态脆弱区的灵武市2000～2006年生态景观格局动态变化进行了研究。     

“源-汇”景观格局的热岛效应研究——以武汉市为例

论文基于2017年Landsat 8遥感影像,通过GIS技术选取城市地表温度、源汇景观密度、源汇景观贡献度和景观效应指数,结合地理空间分析和数理统计方法,分析了武汉市局部源汇景观格局对城市地表温度的贡献及其效应。结果表明：① 武汉市城区热岛(urban heat island, UHI)季节变化明显,夏季热岛强度大、范围广,呈“大”字型分布,工业集聚区和经济开发区产生的UHI更显著;② 武汉市城区平均地表温度(land surface temperature, LST)在距市中心约8 km处达到峰值后沿城乡梯度逐渐下降,呈现“倒钩型”特征,这一现象与景观密度变化密切相关;③ LST与源(正向)、汇(负向)景观密度存在极强相关性,不透水表面是城区热岛的主要贡献因子;④ 相同密度的水体和绿地,水体更具有削弱城市热岛效应的功能;⑤ 一般当汇-源景观面积比>0.89(汇区密度>0.47)时,局部景观格局对城市热岛有缓解作用,且局部汇区越集中缓解效果越显著。