不同地球化学景观区的化探方法及实例

总结了最近20多年来化探在找矿过程中起到的重要作用,重点介绍了不同地球化学景观条件下最佳化探找矿方法及实例,为以后的找矿工作提供切实可行的方法,从而达到快速、经济、效果显著的目的.     

Spatio-temporal differentiation of landscape ecological niche in western ecological frangible region： A case study of Yan＇an region in northwestern China

In this study, we attempt to put forward a conception of landscape ecological niche, enlightened by international scholars on extending the ecological niche theory from spatial niche to functional niche. That is helpful for comprehensively appraising landscape spatial patterns and ecological functions, also, presents a new method for analyzing landscape features from multidimensional aspects. The practice process is demonstrated by taking Yan＇an region in northwestern China as a case. Firstly, the indices system including spatial attribute and functional attribute is established for assessing landscape ecological niche. Additionally, two-dimensional figures are drawn for comparing the spatio-temporal features of landscape ecological niche in 1987 and 2000 among the 13 administrative counties. The results show that from 1987 to 2000, towards Yan＇an region, spatial attribute value of landscape ecological niche changes from 1.000 to 1.178 with an obvious increment, and functional attribute value changes from 0.989 to 1.069 with a little increment, both of which enhance the regional landscape ecological niche. Towards each county, spatial attribute value of landscape ecological niche increases to different extent while functional attribute value changes dissimilarly with an increment or a decrement.     

森林沼泽景观区区域化探新、旧方法技术应用效果对比

自森林沼泽景观区1∶20万区域化探工作开展以来,各个单位、不同阶段工作方法技术各有不同,工作效果不明显。中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所近年来通过研究制定了新的工作方法技术,通过应用取得了较好的效果,为此本文仅以内蒙古一二五公里幅1∶20万区域化探新、旧方法技术的应用效果对比进行初步探讨。     

高山树线交错带的景观格局与生态过程

由于对气候变化的敏感性, 近年来高山树线交错带成为全球变化研究中的热点问题。高 山树线交错带所指示的是一个复杂生态系统的特征, 反映出了由低处植被向高山植被的转化, 其 景观格局是综合了种子定居, 树木生长以及树木繁殖等多个树木生态过程和特定高山环境下的 地理特征格局的适应结果。一方面, 树木通过自身生理生态学上的调整对高山极端环境进行适 应。一方面, 高山特定地理环境特征对树线的景观格局进行影响, 因而高山树线交错带成为研究 景观格局- 生态过程相互关系的一个重要载体。通过运用3S 技术, 可以将高山树线交错带研究中 的树线景观结构和生理生态过程结合在一起, 并验证在其景观格局形成过程中地理特征和人为 因子的相对重要性。     

典型岩溶流域不同地貌类型景观结构分析——以云南小江流域为例

利用2003年小江流域的TM影像，结合实地调查，再根据流域地质分布和地貌发育情况，将流域地貌类型划分为岩溶地貌和非岩溶地貌两个一级类型景观，在此基础上，根据地貌发育程度结合高程情况，将岩溶区又划分为6个岩溶景观，非岩溶地貌分为两个二级类型景观。应用景观生态学原理，并通过Fragstats 3．3软件在流域尺度上计算了一些相关指标。结果表明：岩溶区的景观生态特征总体上体现了其生态环境的特殊性和脆弱性，地表水资源溃乏，土层薄、土壤资源零星分布且易流失，造成未利用地面积大，石漠化现象严重，土地利用程度低的特点。非岩溶区景观生态由于耕地和林地占绝对优势，石漠化面积少，香农多样性指数和均匀度低，景观的异质性较低，结构较为简单。     

PRINCIPLES OF RIVER TRAINING AND MANAGEMENT

River regulation and river training have been performed for various purposes and negative effects have been shown in numerous cases. In some cases the negative effects are so serious that humans have to consider to "renaturalize" the regulated rivers. Only by using the strategy of integrated river management the diverse river uses and natural fluvial processes and ecological systems may be harmonized. Based on analysis of case studies and data collected from literatures this paper presents the concept of integrated river management and four principles of river training. The integrated river management comprises: 1) taking the watershed, upper stream basin including the tributaries, middle and lower reaches and the estuary as an integrated entity in the planning, design and management; and 2) mitigating or controlling the negative impacts on hydrology, erosion and sedimentation, fluvial processes, land use and river use, environment and ecology while in achieving economic benefit from water resources development, flood safety management and hydropower exploitation. River training and management should be in accordance with the four principles: 1) extending the duration of river water flowing on the continent, which may be achieved by extending the river course or reducing the flow velocity; 2) controlling various patterns of erosions and reducing the sediment transportation in the rivers; 3) increasing the diversity of habitat and enhancing the connectivity between the river and riparian waters; and 4) restoring natural landscapes.     

基于GIS的景观生态规划研究——以二龙山水库流域景观生态系统为例

运用地理信息系统(GIS)技术强大的信息管理、空间数据处理分析功能，采用松散耦合式GIS建模方式，在景观格局分析的基础上，对二龙山水库流域退化生态系统进行景观生态规划，期望通过对原有的景观要素的优化组合或引入新的成分，调整或构造新的景观格局，以增加景观的异质性和稳定性，为二龙山水库流域退化生态系统的恢复和重建提出建设性的意见，为可持续的景观管理模式提供理论依据。     

基于微机的3维景观立体显示技术

论述人眼立体视觉的原理和基于微机的立体显示方法，重点阐述幅分隔法3维景观立体显示系统的设计原理和方法，并给出有关实验结果和结论。     

贵州高原喀斯特景观及其旅游形象

本文通过贵州喀斯特旅游景观类型、特点及优势分析，提出高原、峡谷、峰林、峰丛、瀑布、溶洞是贵州最有代表性的喀斯特景观，它们在空间结上层次丰富的组合，即构成贵州高原绚丽多姿的喀斯特旅游形象，从而展示出贵州喀斯特旅游资源开发的巨大潜力和良好前景。     

四姑娘山地区的另类地质遗迹--特别元素背景下的奇异植被

四姑娘山地区的旅游景观主要由第四纪冰川地质遗迹形成，但同时其独特的地质结构形成了异化沙棘、松茸、红石等导向性景观。作者在本文中通过地质地球化学、土壤地球化学研究，认为这些景观均与特殊土壤元素背景有关，是一种特殊意义上的另类地质遗迹。