N掺杂SnO2材料光电性质的第一性原理研究

采用全电势线性缀加平面波(full potential linearized augmented plane wave method,简记为FP-LAPW)方法,基于密度泛函理论第一性原理计算分析N掺杂SnO₂材料,研究了在N替代O原子和N替代Sn原子情况下的电子态密度、电荷密度分布以及光学性质.研究表明N掺杂替代Sn较之N掺杂替代O原子的带隙要宽,都宽于SnO₂的本征带隙,且两种情况下N分别处于负氧化态和正氧化态,其介电函数谱也与带隙对应发生蓝移,从理论上指出     

Ga和Sb纳米线声子结构和电子-声子相互作用的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,系统研究了Ga和Sb纳米线的电子能带结构和声子结构以及电子-声子耦合(EPC)作用.通过对声子的完整Brillouin区分析来研究纳米线的结构稳定性.结果表明,所考察的纳米线显示出不稳定性,不稳定声子波矢远离Brillouin区中心.与通常的Peierls变形机理相比,不稳定的横向声子模会导致一种无开口带隙的相变.Sb比Ga纳米线的EPC要强很多,并且横向变形导致的锯齿形结构使纳米线中的电子-声子相互作用增加了几个数量级.     

Seasonal variations of phytoplankton diversity in the Coleroon coastal waters, southeast coast of India

The results of an investigation carried out during June 2005 to May 2007 on physico-chemical parameters,species composition and community structure of phytoplankton including Chlorophyll a(Chl-a) at the Coleroon coastal waters(Southeast coast of India) are reported.Air and surface water temperatures(°C) varied from 25.1 to 30.1 and from 24.5 to 28.5 respectively.Salinity values varied from 6 to 28.5 and the pH ranged between 7.0 and 8.3.Variation in dissolved oxygen content was from 3.1 to 7.5 mg/dm-3 while the light extinction coefficient values(LEC) ranged between 3.1 and 10.1 cm.The ranges of inorganic nutrients(μmol/dm-3) viz.,nitrate,nitrite,phosphate and silicate were 10.1-23.4,1.2-8.9,0.2-3.1 and 55-125,respectively.The ranges of Chlorophyll a(μg/dm-3) values was 2.0-7.5.Presently,124 phytoplankton species representing different classes viz:Bacillariophyceae(77),Dinophyceae(19),Cyanophyceae(15),Chlorophyceae(10) and Chrysophyceae(3) were recorded.The phytoplankton cell abundance varied from 0.290 to 111.662 cells/cm-3,with peak diversity(3.38 bits/ind.) during summer season.The maximum abundance was found during summer season coinciding with the stable hydrographical conditions.The seasonal distribution and abundance of phytoplankton are discussed in relation to hydrographical parameters.Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA) was applied in this paper for discriminating environmental factors having effect on phytoplankton community at species level.Coleroon coastal water is subjected to long term fluctuations in physico-chemical parameters depending upon the seasonal tidal amplitude and freshwater influx resulting in a continuous exchange of organic,inorganic,plant and animal matters.     

The relationship between soft-bottom macrobenthic communities and environmental variables off Ningjin, eastern Shandong Peninsula

Macrobenthic infauna and associated environmental factors influencing the benthic community in the eastern coastal region of Shandong Peninsula were analyzed in four seasonal surveys from January 2007 to October 2007 (30 stations in winter, 20 stations in other three seasons), in order to understand the community structure and the factors unfluencing the benthic distribution. PRIMER 6.0 and SPSS 15.0 software packages were adopted to analyze the environmental and macrobenthic data. The results show that there were 260 macrobenthic species in total collected from the research region. The composition of species is:Polychaeta (94 species), Crustacea (75), Mollusca (56) and Echinoderm (12), among which, only 23 species were common species in the cruises of every season. The dominant species varied from season to season; however, the polychaete species Paralacydonia paradoxa Fauvel and Echinoderm species Amphioplus japonicus (Matsumoto) were always present year-round. The abundance and biomass of the macrobenthos in the research region were variable from season to season. The results of CLUSTER and MDS analysis show that the similarities of macrobenthic structures between the stations were low; most of the similarities were at about 30% of similarity value, only two stations were up to 70%. In accordance with the similarity values of the macrobenthic structures, we divided the 20 stations into five groups by arbitrary similarity level of 30%. The ABC curve indicates that the marcofauna communities in the research region had not been disturbed massively, except two stations, SB1 and SB3. Ecologically, benthos were controlled by a combination of factors such as salinity, phytoplankton, zooplankton, SiO₃-Si and temperature, and no single factor could be considered as an ecological master factor.     

2006年秋季长江口及其邻近水域浮游植物群集

根据2006年11月在长江口及其邻近水域(30°30′N～32°30′N,121°E～123°30′E)39个测站采集的浮游植物水样研究了该水域浮游植物群集特征。调查区浮游植物以硅藻和甲藻为主,此外还有少量的金藻、蓝藻和绿藻。浮游植物细胞丰度介于0.13～59.69个/mL之间,平均为4.39个/mL,主要优势物种为圆海链藻Thalassiosira rotula和骨条藻Skeletonema spp.,调查区两个细胞丰度密集区分别出现在靠近口门以及外海水域。浮游植物细胞在20m层出现最大值。调查区两个典型断面的浮游植物分布特征分别由骨条藻和圆海链藻所刻画。固氮蓝藻铁氏束毛藻Trichodesmium thiebautii主要出现在调查区东部水域表层。根据浮游植物物种和细胞丰度进行聚类分析后,发现存在调查区东部与近岸2个浮游植物分区。     

黄渤海松江鲈鱼线粒体控制区结构与序列多态性分析

测定了辽宁丹东、盘锦与河北秦皇岛35尾松江鲈鱼线粒体控制区序列977bp。共检出单倍型30个,多态位点35个,简约信息位点27个,绝大多数变异集中在192-342bp、594-783bp区段,同时识别出了线粒体控制区5’端终止序列区、中央保守区和3’端保守序列区的关键序列。3个群体总的单倍型多样性为0.990,核苷酸多样性为0.00718,丹东群体核苷酸多样性最高(0.00959)。群体间、群体内平均遗传距离低(分别为0.0067和0.0063);在NJ树上不同地理来源的个体混杂分布;Fst分析显示丹东与秦皇岛群体间遗传分化相对较大(0.14222,p0.05),其余不明显(0.02865-0.05616,p0.1),表明3个群体有可能隶属同一个种群。核苷酸不配对分布图表明松江鲈鱼可能未经历过大规模的种群扩张。     

江苏海岸带景观及其生态旅游的开发

海岸带是陆地、海洋生态系统相互作用的生态过渡地带,也是人类赖以生存的非常独特的景观资源。由于人口增长和对资源的不合理开发,海岸带环境遭到破坏而面临着资源枯竭的危险,保护海岸带景观异质性和生态整体性对海岸带的可持续利用显得尤为重要。江苏海岸带异质景观的形成是受自然驱动要素和干扰共同作用的结果,其影响因素主要包括江苏海岸地貌演化、气候水文条件、土壤植被条件等自然要素和台风暴潮灾害、米草引种和人类开发活动等干扰。江苏海岸带景观具有结构的复杂性、功能的多样性、生态的脆弱性、环境质量较高和高、低对比度兼有等特征。从风景地貌学和旅游开发角度考虑,将江苏海岸带景观划分为北部山海景观类、中部滩涂景观类和南部河口景观类,并在景观类的基础上进一步划分出景观亚类和景观型两个层次。提出了加强景观生态建设,维持景观的异质性,建设射阳河—新洋港流域的荷兰式国家低地生态公园和盐城国家海洋湿地生态公园,适度开发沿海自然保护区景观生态旅游,打造北部山海景观生态旅游特色项目,深入开发南部江海交汇景观,挖掘海岸带旅游景观资源的文化异质性,以及启动辐射沙洲海洋世界自然遗产的申报和建设8项生态旅游规划。     

胶州湾水体镉的迁移过程和环境本底值结构

根据1979年的胶州湾水域调查资料,分析重金属Cd在胶州湾水域的水平分布、垂直分布和季节变化。研究结果表明:在整个胶州湾水域,水质没有受到任何Cd的污染。在胶州湾和湾口水域只有两个Cd的来源。一个是来源于地壳岩石风化,通过陆地径流把重金属Cd注入胶州湾水域;另一个是来源于海底,经过海洋水流的作用把重金属Cd注入湾口水域。作者提出了重金属在水域的环境本底值结构:基础本底值、陆地径流的输入量和海洋水流的输入量,并且应用于胶州湾水域。作者认为在来源的迁移过程中,有陆地来源迁移和海底来源迁移。根据杨东方的水域迁移过程研究,陆地径流决定了Cd的表、底层质量浓度变化。     

中西太平洋金枪鱼围网鲣鱼起水鱼群种群结构分析

根据2006年10月—2007年2月及2007年10月—2008年1月在中西太平洋海域测定的1343尾由金枪鱼围网捕获的起水鱼群的鲣鱼生物学数据,应用统计与回归的分析方法对鲣鱼的叉长组成、叉长和体重关系、性比、性腺成熟度等基本生物学特性进行了分析。结果表明:(1)起水鱼群鲣鱼的叉长范围为243～746 mm,优势叉长组为401～600 mm,占到88.24%,其中雌、雄个体叉长组成呈显著性差异(x2=843.7,P0.01);(2)起水鱼群鲣鱼的叉长(FL)与体重(W)的关系为W=6.3905×10-6FL3.1938(R2=0.9443),且叉长与体重的关系并不因性别而存在显著性差异(ANCOVA,F=0.549,P0.05);(3)起水鱼群鲣鱼的平均雌雄性比约为1∶0.95,但在501～550 mm(x2=4.00,P0.05)和651～700 mm(x2=4.17,P0.05)2个体长组中,雌雄性别比例不符合"1∶1"的理论期望;(4)起水鱼群鲣鱼的性成熟度以Ⅳ期(28.93%)和Ⅴ期(43.67%)为主,计算得出的雌鱼和雄鱼的首次性成熟叉长分别为473.15 mm和440.78 mm,均大于实际观测到的达到性成熟的鲣鱼的最小叉长。本次调查研究得出了"在调查水域鲣鱼的起水鱼群是以性成熟的成鱼为主的群体"的初步结论。     

平湖油气田低渗透储层测井评价研究

平湖油气田P11储层开发是平湖油气田增储提产的重要目标,也是当前平湖油气田开发面临的难题之一。由于埋藏深,储层物性条件差,试油自然产能低下,储层流体性质复杂,气油比低,凝析油含量高,密度大,储层温度高,压力系数高,给测井解释和评价带来很大困难,对开发方案的实施提出了挑战。根据岩心分析资料,从成岩作用、沉积作用等方面对平湖组放鹤亭P11储层低渗原因进行了分析;对P11储层的测井响应特征进行了总结,对P11储层＂四性＂关系、孔隙度结构进行剖析,对储层孔隙度、渗透率、饱和度等参数进行了研究,得到一套适合P11储层测井解释评价的方法,为P11储层的开发提供参数依据和测井解释服务。