云南岩溶断陷盆地植被演替土壤碳氮磷化学计量学特征

岩溶断陷盆地生态环境脆弱,石漠化严重,植被恢复是该地区生态重建、水土保持的有效措施。文章采用空间换时间的方法,以云南省泸西县岩溶断陷盆地5种不同演替阶段（玉米地、人工林、草地、灌木林、原始林）不同土层（0～10、10～20 cm）的土壤为研究对象,对比分析不同植被类型和不同深度条件下土壤C（碳）、N（氮）、P（磷）含量及化学计量比差异,旨在探明研究区土壤养分垂向分布及化学计量学特征,为该地区植被恢复管理及土地合理利用提供科学依据。结果表明：不同演替阶段、不同土壤深度土壤养分含量存在较大差异;随着演替年限的增长,土壤SOC（土壤有机碳）、TN（总氮）含量总体呈增长趋势且主要表现在0～10 cm深度土层上,而TP（总磷）含量存在波动,未表现出明显变化规律;各演替阶段0～10 cm土层的SOC、TN含量数值上均要高于10～20 cm土层,除原始林地以外,其余演替阶段不同土层间TP含量没有显著差异;在0～10 cm土层上,C/N、C/P、N/P均与土壤SOC含量呈显著正相关,C/P、N/P与土壤TN含量呈显著正相关,土壤TP含量与C/N、C/P和N/P无显著相关性;植被类型和土壤深度显著影响研...     

贵州省贞丰县耕地表层土壤养分元素有效量和有效度分析

通过在贞丰县域开展全面1∶50000耕地质量地球化学调查工作,获得了区内耕地表层土壤元素含量或指标的高精度分析数据。为分析区内营养元素有效量和有效度的影响因素,选用了N、P、K、B、Mo、Zn元素及pH值、有机质含量、CEC数据进行分析。贞丰县表层土壤元素全量是其有效量的重要控制因素;pH值与K元素有效度呈正相关关系,与N、Mo、Zn元素有效度呈负相关关系;有机质与K、B元素有效度呈正相关关系,与Mo元素呈负相关关系;阳离子交换量与K、B元素有效度呈正相关关系,与P、Mo元素呈负相关关系。     

河北大白阳金矿床黄铁矿微量元素及S-Pb同位素地球化学特征

大白阳金矿床位于华北克拉通北缘张家口地区,为一中型金矿床。矿床产于太古宇桑干群化家营组和涧沟河组变质地层中,受区内断裂和褶皱控制,金矿脉总体走向北北西。矿石类型为含金石英脉型和蚀变岩型,矿石矿物主要为磁铁矿、赤铁矿、黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿、斑铜矿、自然金、银金矿及少量碲化物。矿床的成矿期可划分为4个成矿阶段,分别为石英-钾长石阶段、石英-黄铁矿阶段、石英-多硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐-硫酸盐阶段。矿床硫化物的δ³⁴S_V-CDT为-16.2‰~-10.5‰,为高氧逸度成矿流体所致;Pb同位素组成²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=16.762~17.293、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.350~15.463、²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=36.777~37.328,与区内岩浆岩Pb同位素组成一致。黄铁矿微量元素低,主要赋存于黄铁矿晶格中。黄铁矿中低的Co、Ni质量分数表明,黄铁矿从岩浆流体中沉淀。桑干群斜长角闪岩在蚀变过程中为流体提供部分成矿物质,为矿源层之一。大白阳金矿床属于与岩浆有关的热液矿床,其形成经历了泥盆纪金的初始矿化和侏罗纪-白垩纪的叠加成矿,由此也导致了张宣地区大量金矿床的出现。     

Development of a new index for integrating landscape patterns with ecological processes at watershed scale

Understanding the relationship between landscape patterns and ecological processes has been a central yet challenging research theme in landscape ecology. Over the past decades, many landscape metrics have been proposed but few directly incorporated ecological processes. In this paper, we developed a landscape index, namely, location-weighted landscape index (LWLI) to highlight the role of landscape type in ecological processes, such as nutrient losses and soil erosion. Within the framework of the Lorenz curve theory, we develop this index by integrating landscape pattern and point-based measurements at a watershed scale. The index can be used to characterize the contribution of landscape pattern to ecological processes (e.g. nutrient losses) with respect to a specific monitoring point in a watershed. Through a case study on nutrient losses in an agricultural area in northeastern China, we found that nutrient losses tended to be higher for a watershed with a higher LWLI value, and vice versa. It implied that LWLI can be used to evaluate the potential risk of nutrient losses or soil erosion by comparing their values across watersheds. In addition, this index can be extended to characterize ecological processes, such as the effect of landscape pattern on wildlife inhabitation and urban heat island effect. Finally, we discuss several problems that should be paid attention to when applying this index to a heterogeneous landscape site.     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定地质样品中的微量银

研究了石墨炉原子吸收法测定地质样品中微量Ag的方法,探索了以NH4IrCl6做基体改进剂的最佳仪器工作条件。在取样0．2000g,定容25mL的情况下,方法检出限为0．010ug/g,用国家标准物质验证,其准确度（RE％）小于10％,10次测定的精密度（RSD％）小于10％。     

Nutrient compositions of cultured Thalassiosira rotula and Skeletonema costatum from the Jiaozhou Bay in China

Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon composition of cultured two different sized phytoplankton common species of Thalazsiosira rotula and Skeletonema costatum from the Jiaozhou Bay were measured. Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon contents in cell were obvious higher in T. rotula than in S. costatum, but the percents of nitrogen, phosphorus, sihcon contents in cell dry mass in T. rotula were lower than those in S. costatum. The dry mass concentrations of nitrogen,phosphorus, silicon in S. costatum were much higher than those in T. rotula, particularly silicon, the former was 6. 4 times of the latter, showing that S. costatum could more assimilate these elements. Especially, S. costatum had competitive dominance for assimilating silicon, which is beneficial to its becoming a major dominant species in relative short silicon of the Jiaozhou Bay. There were some differences in numerical value of nutrient ratios both laboratory-cultured phytoplankton and different sized suspended particulates （ mainly phytoplankton） in the Jiaozhou Bay, which was caused by the changes of environment. High contents of carbon, nitrogon and relative low phosporus, sil- icon, high molar ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus （far higher than Redfield value） and low ratio of silicon to phosphorus and silicon to nitrogen （far lower than Redfield values） in the two diatoms and different sized suspended particulates were consistent with those in the seawater. Relative short silicon in the seawater and phytoplankton showed that silicon was possibly affectting phytoplankton growth in the Jiaozhou Bay.     

火焰原子发射光谱法测定碳化钛中微量钠

对火焰原子发射光谱法测定碳化钛中微量钠的条件进行了试验。样品用硝酸-氢氟酸溶解，在0．30mol／L硝酸介质中，以硝酸钾作消电离剂消除钠的电离干扰，饱和硼酸溶液络合试液中过量的氟离子。方法检出限为0．015μg／mL，样品加标回收率为97．6％-105．6％，方法的精密度（RSD，n=6）小于2．5％。     

吉林Ⅰ号陨石陨硫铁微量系统分析

Mierospecimons of troilite from the Jilin meteorite No. Ⅰ, weighing only 200--500 micrograms, have been determined for S, Fe, Ni and Co. The sample is firstly decomposed by 6 N hydrochloric acid mixed with hydroxylanine hydrochloride at room tcmperature. Simultaneously, tellurium ions (To^4 ) are added to combine with divalent sulfur into TeS2. Excess tellurium is determined spectrophotometrieally. The sulfur content is indirectly obtained by substracting the excess tellurium from the total amount added. After extraction and separation, each of the other elements is colormetrically determined. The results are satisfactory.     

福建沿海地区农业土壤全量养分丰缺评价

农业土壤除了pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾有全量评价标准外,多目标地球化学调查提供的其他营养和有益元素均无全量评价标准。文章采用耕作地土壤的背景值和标准离差以及与全国土壤丰度的比值确定了其他13种营养和有益元素的丰缺分级评价标准。提出了土壤养分丰缺综合评价方法,将19种土壤养分指标分成土壤性质指标、一级营养元素指标、二级营养元素指标及微量营养和有益元素指标,其贡献总分值分别为30分、40分、15分和15分,组成类型的单指标总分值与该类型贡献总分值相同,根据丰缺分级评价标准和各单指标含量,计算单指标分值。采用算术平均值法计算4种类型指标的分值,以4种类型指标分值和的大小作为评价土壤全量养分丰缺的依据。应用该评价体系对福建沿海地区农业土壤养分状况进行评价,旨在为农业土壤区划提供参考依据。另外,文章还分析了影响土壤养分丰缺的因素,提出了土壤的pH值和SiO₂含量是影响土壤养分丰缺的重要因素,其次还有地质背景因素、人类活动叠加因素、沉积作用环境因素和气候环境因素等。     

静宁县葫芦河流域农业地质背景探究

通过对葫芦河流域与已知优质苹果产区———五方河流域之间土壤养分、盐量和微量元素的丰缺水平对比研究,证实葫芦河流域新积土无论常量养分、可溶性岩离子含量,还是微量元素含量水平总体高于五方河流域的新积土,土质更优于黄绵土,具备开发为优质果品生产基地的地质条件。为土地资源的利用和生态环境保护提供了新的依据。