依达拉奉联合中成药制剂治疗急性脑梗死大鼠的疗效和安全性评价

目的：研究依达拉奉联合中成药制剂对急性脑梗死大鼠的疗效比较和安全性评价。方法：将SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、依达拉奉联合丹红注射液组（A组）、依达拉奉联合血塞通冻干组（B组）、依达拉奉联合醒脑静组（C组）、依达拉奉联合疏血通注射液组（D组）,采用线栓法制作大鼠左侧大脑中动脉脑缺血（MCAO）模型,除假手术组外,每组按不同时间点（1、3、5、7d）分为4个亚组,术后各组腹腔注射相应药物,1次/d,分别连续给药1、3、5、7d,模型组、假手术组予以等体积0.9%氯化钠注射液灌胃,观察比较各组大鼠各时间点神经功能缺损评分、脑组织水含量、脑组织梗死体积、安全性评价指标等。结果：模型组与假手术组各时间点的神经功能缺损评分、脑组织水含量、脑组织梗死体积及安全性评价指标中WBC计数、APTT时间比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);与模型组比较,A、B、C、D组各时间点的神经功能缺损评分及3、5、7d脑组织水含量、脑梗死体积及安全性评价指标中白细胞（WBC）计数、活化部分凝血酶原（APTT）时间均降低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。结论：依达拉奉联合中成药制剂治疗急性脑梗死大鼠疗效显著、可靠安全,并且随治疗时间延长,对缺血缺氧神经元的改善作用越明显。     

健脾解毒活血汤对幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎脾胃湿热证模型小鼠IL-1β、GAS的影响

目的：观察健脾解毒活血汤对幽门螺旋杆菌相关性胃炎（HAG）脾胃湿热证模型小鼠血清白介素-1β（IL-1β）、胃泌素（GAS）及胃内组织Hp感染数的影响,为研制新型抗Hp感染的中药提供实验依据。方法：选取40只SPF级昆明小鼠为实验对象,将其随机分为空白组、模型组、西药组和中药组,每组各10只。采用Hp菌液灌胃以建立HAG脾胃湿热证小鼠模型,西药组予以奥美拉唑钠肠溶胶囊灌胃,中药组予以健脾解毒活血汤灌胃,均连续给药14d。观察比较各组小鼠血清IL-1β、GAS与胃内组织Hp感染情况。结果：模型组小鼠血清IL-1β、GAS的含量较空白组明显升高（P<0.01,P<0.05）;与模型组比较,中药组和西药组血清IL-1β显著降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）,GAS水平2组无明显差异。模型组小鼠胃组织Hp感染数较空白组明显增加（P<0.01）,中药组和西药组胃组织Hp感染数较模型组显著降低（P<0.05）。结论：健脾解毒活血汤对HAG脾胃湿热证模型小鼠血清IL-1β及Hp感染数有明显改善作用,但对GAS影响不大,在一定程度上可有效治疗脾胃湿热型HAG。     

消栓饮对创伤性深静脉血栓大兔Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）/Th2（CD4+IL-4+）亚群漂移的影响

目的：探讨Th1（CD4^{+TNF-α+）/Th2（CD4+IL-4+）亚群漂移在大兔创伤性深静脉血栓（DVT）形成中的作用及消栓饮的治疗机制。方法：将45只新西兰健康大兔分为空白组、假手术组、0.9%氯化钠注射液组、低分子肝素钠组、消栓饮组,每组各9只,采用直接钳夹静脉+双后肢石膏固定的方法制备创伤性DVT模型后进行给药,于第1、3、7天完成给药4h后,采用流式细胞术检测各组大兔Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）、Th2（CD4+IL-4+）的含量变化及Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）/Th2（CD4+IL-4+）值。结果：给药第1、3、7天0.9%氯化钠注射液组、低分子肝素钠组、消栓饮组的Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）比例、Th2（CD4+IL-4+）比例及Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）/Th2（CD4+IL-4+）值与同时间节点空白组、假手术组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;给药第3、7天低分子肝素钠组、消栓饮组的Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）比例、Th2（CD4+IL-4+）比例及Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）/Th2（CD4+IL-4+）值与0.9%氯化钠注射液组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05。结论：DVT形成过程中存在Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）/Th2（CD4+IL-4+）亚群动态平衡被打破;中药消栓饮可以通过干预Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）、Th2（CD4+IL-4+）含量变化,维持两者的平衡来达到治疗目的。}     

不同形状振荡浮子入水冲击的实验研究

振荡浮子在波浪能转换装置中应用非常广泛,在其服役期间,由于较小的设计吃水深度或为防避极端海况的需要,它们经常会离开水面;当其再次入水的时候,浮子底部就会受到入水冲击。入水冲击总是伴随着巨大的冲击压强以及冲击载荷,会导致浮子的结构性及疲劳性破坏,从而影响浮子的工作寿命。本文对锥形、半球形和横圆柱形三种形状的浮子入水冲击过程进行了实验研究,分析了浮子表面压强和冲击加速度的变化规律。主要结论如下:(1)在巨大的水阻力作用下,入水瞬间三种浮子表面压强急剧上升,迅速达到最高峰值;之后由于空气垫的作用,压强出现二次峰值现象。(2)在空气垫的作用下,三种浮子的最高压强峰值均未出现在浮子的最低点处,而是出现在外围某处。(3)三种浮子在触水瞬间的加速度均达到hm/s~2的量级,而后急剧下降,并在较短时间内达到一平衡值并沿其小幅震荡。(4)横圆柱形浮子由于其非垂直轴对称性,其表面压强和加速度的震荡更加明显。     

Theoretical and experimental study of breaking wave on sloping bottoms

This paper studies the continuous evolution of breaking wave for the surface water waves propagating on a sloping beach. A Lagrangian asymptotic solution is derived. According to the solution coupled with the wave breaking criteria and the equations of water particles motion, the wave deformation and the continuous wave breaking processes for the progressive water waves propagating on a sloping bottom can be derived. A series of experiments are also conducted to compare with the theoretical solution. The results show that the present solution can reasonably describe the plunging or spilling wave breaking phenomenon.     

Rainfall effect on wind waves and the turbulence beneath air-sea interface

Rainfall effects on wind waves and turbulence are investigated through the laboratory experiments in a large wind-wave tank. It is found that the wind waves are damped as a whole at low wind speeds, but are enhanced at high wind speeds. This dual effect of rain on the wind waves increases with the increase of rain rate, while the influence of rainfall-area length is not observable. At the low wind speed, the corresponding turbulence in terms of the turbulent kinetic energy （TKE） dissipation rate is significantly enhanced by rain- fall as the waves are damped severely. At the high wind speed, the augment of the TKE dissipation rate is suppressed while the wind waves are enhanced simultaneously. In the field, however, rainfall usually hin- ders the development of waves. In order to explain this contradiction of rainfall effect on waves, a possibility about energy transfer from turbulence to waves in case of the spectral peak of waves overlapping the inertial subrange of turbulence is assumed. It can be applied to interpret the damping phenomenon of gas trans- fer velocity in the laboratory experiments, and the variation of the TKE dissipation rates near sea surface compared with the law of wall.     

基于破碎临界区的新型拍岸浪统计计算模型研究

When waves propagate from deep water to shallow water, wave heights and steepness increase and then waves roll back and break. This phenomenon is called surf. Currently, the present statistical calcula...     

A Bingham-plastic model for fluid mud transport under waves and currents

Simplified equations of fluid mud motion, which is described as Bingham-Plastic model under waves and currents, are presented by order analysis. The simplified equations are non-linear ordinary differential equations which are solved by hybrid numerical-analytical technique. As the computational cost is very low, the effects of wave current parameters and fluid mud properties on the transportation velocity of the fluid mud are studied systematically. It is found that the fluid mud can move toward one direction even if the shear stress acting on the fluid mud bed is much smaller than the fluid mud yield stress under the condition of wave and current coexistence. Experiments of the fluid mud motion under current with fluctuation water surface are carried out. The fluid mud transportation velocity predicted by the presented mathematical model can roughly match that measured in experiments.     

Numerical simulation and experimental research on hydrodynamic performance of propeller with varying shaft depths

In order to study hydrodynamic performance of a propeller in the free surface, the numerical simulation and open-water experiments are carried out with varying shaft depths of propeller. The influences of shaft depths of a propeller on thrust and torque coefficient in calm water are mainly studied. Meanwhile, this paper also studies the propeller air-ingestion under special working conditions by experiment and theoretical calculation method, and compares the calculation results and experimental results. The results prove that the theoretical calculation model used in this paper can imitate the propeller air-ingestion successfully. The successful phenomenon simulation provides an essential theoretical basis to understand the physical essence of the propeller air-ingestion.     

Design of a hydraulic power take-off system for the wave energy device with an inverse pendulum

This paper describes a dual-stroke acting hydraulic power take-off （PTO） system employed in the wave energy converter （WEC） with an inverse pendulum. The hydraulic PTO converts slow irregular reciprocating wave motions to relatively smooth, fast rotation of an electrical generator. The design of the hydraulic PTO system and its control are critical to maximize the generated power. A time domain simulation study and the laboratory experiment of the full-scale beach test are presented. The results of the simulation and laboratory experiments including their comparison at full-scale are also presented, which have validated the rationality of the design and the reliability of some key components of the prototype of the WEC with an inverse pendulum with the dual-stroke acting hydraulic PTO system.