姬塬油田长4＋5砂岩储层孔隙类型与成岩作用

通过常规物性、岩石及铸体薄片、重矿物、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等多项测试方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬油田长4 5含油砂体的岩石学特征、成岩作用、储集类型进行了分析和研究。长4 5储层孔隙主要以粒间孔和长石溶孔为主,粒间溶孔次之,孔隙组合一般以粒间孔和溶孔-粒间孔为主。本区破坏性成岩作用包括机械压实作用、石英及长石的次生加大、碳酸盐胶结作用等,其中压实作用是造成本区砂岩原生孔隙大量丧失的主要原因。建设性成岩作用为溶蚀作用、绿泥石粘土膜形成作用,但溶蚀作用产生的次生孔隙对储层物性的改善不足。     

松辽盆地宋芳屯油田扶杨油层孔隙结构及其影响因素

通过镜下观察,宋芳屯油田扶杨油层孔隙类型较多,以粒间孔为主。细管压力曲线上看,曲线较陡,分选差,孔隙结构特征参数总体上较差,与孔隙度、渗透率有一定的关系,大的孔隙对渗透率的贡献最大。扶杨油层的孔隙结构较复杂主要由于成岩作用影响,压实作用使孔隙空间显著缩小,胶结作用和自生粘土矿物生长使孔隙进一步缩小和复杂化,后期的溶蚀作用使孔隙空间增加。     

岩石破裂与氡含量变化关系的实验研究

为探索氡含量的变化能否视作地震前兆,作者进行了岩石破裂与氡含量变化关系的模拟实验。实验结果表明,可以认为岩石破裂是引起地震之前氡含量异常的原因之一。文末,根据实验结果对在地震区某些实际观测中的问题进行了初步讨论。     

淮南煤田同变质程度不同煤层煤的成烃作用和储气性研究

本文从煤岩学、有机地球化学及煤的储气性原理出发,研究了淮南煤田同变质程度不同煤层煤(B_11b、B₁₀)在成烃母质、富烃特征、成烃作用和储气性等方面的差异性。B_11b煤层中含有较多的似石油物质、渗出体、显微组分等的荧光浸渍现象、油滴和油膜、微粒体等,它们是煤成烃作用的直接光学标志。B_11b煤层的地化参数指出较强的还原环境将有利于成烃作用。B_11b煤层的孔隙性（孔容、孔径分布、孔隙结构）说明它不仅有较好的储气性能,而且还具有较有利于煤层气体运移的物性条件。而上述特征是B₁₀煤层所不具备的。     

Geochemistry of porewater and sulfate-reducing bacteria in sediment cores from the Chianan Plain, Taiwan

High concentrations of arsenic and humic substances in groundwater from the southwestern coastal plain of Taiwan were well known for their probable relationships with black-foot disease. In order to realize the relationships between the concentrations of humic substances and arsenic in this area, 24 well water samples were analyzed. After filtered through 0.45 μm glass fiber membrane in the field, samples were kept in the dark at 4℃ and then separated into six fractions with varying range of molecular weight （〈0.5, 0.5-1, 1-5, 5-10, 10-50 and 〉50 k Da） by ultrafiltration apparatus （Molecular/Por Stirred Cell system） in the lab. Concentrations of humic substances were measured by fluorescence spectrometer （HITACHI F-2000, ex=370, em=445） and arsenic by FIAS-AA （Perkin Elmer AAnalyst 100, FIAS-400）. On average, only 6.2% of the total arsenic in water existed in the fraction of 〉0.5 k Da. and the others were complexed with humic substances （including humic acid and fulvic acid）. The results demonstrated a distinct positive correlation between the concentrations of humic substances and arsenic.     

High resolution profiles of trace metals in pore waters of marine and riverine sediments assessed by DET and DGT

In polluted aquatic systems, toxic metals are often accumulated in bottom sediments. They are, however, not necessarily stored definitively because diagenetic processs can modify redox, pH and even the amount of complexing ligands, releasing the trace metals back into the pore waters and the water column. Especially the labile metal fraction in the pore waters is important since this is the bioavailable fraction determining the bio-toxicity of the sediments. The goal of our study was therefore to assess, with novel sampling techniques, this bioavailable metal fraction in the pore waters as well as the flux towards the overlying water column. High-resolution profiles of trace metals in pore waters of marine and riverine sediments were assessed by DET （diffusive equilibrium in thin films） and DGT （diffusive gradients in thin films） gel techniques. The DET technique uses a diffusive gel layer that equilibrates with the aquatic system and with this technique the concentrations of total dissolved trace metals are obtained directly. The DGT technique uses an acrylamide diffusive gel backed by a resin gel （Chelex） which binds trace metals. With the DGT technique only labile species of selected metals can be captured. According to the redox potential measurements, the marine sediments were suboxic （200 mV to -220 mV versus Ag/AgCl electrode）, while the riverine sediments were completely anoxic （-160 mV to -220 mV versus Ag/AgCl electrode）. This redox potential was apparently controlling the trace metals species in the pore waters： for example a strong correlation between Mn and Co was found in the riverine sediments （for DET and DGT sampling）, while in the marine sediments trace metals presented various behaviors.     

塔里木盆地阿克库勒地区石炭系卡拉沙依组成岩作用

阿克库勒地区卡拉沙依组碎屑岩储层的成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较低．储层的次生溶蚀孔隙所占比例远高了：原生孔隙，次生孔隙是储层的主要储集空间．样品数据统计显示，卡拉沙依组储层属于低孔、低渗储层类型．根据岩石薄片、铸体薄片观察及储层样品的扫描电镜和阴极发光分析结果，本区石炭系储层主要经历的成岩作用有压实（压溶）作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用和交代作用，其中碳酸盐矿物的沉淀和溶蚀作用是本区卡拉沙依组储层所经历的最重要的成岩作用．成岩作用已达到晚成岩B期，早期方解石交代石英颗粒并发生大量溶蚀，生成大量次生孔隙，晚期方解石没有发生溶蚀．     

工程质量安全监督与行业发展司2005年工作要点

要始终贯穿一条主线，推进形成两种机制，紧紧抓住三项重点，重视提高四种能力，抓好五个薄弱环节。以切实保障人民群众生命财产安全和促进建筑业持续健康发展为主线；推进形成建筑市场自行调节机制和各方主体自我管理机制；紧紧抓住城市公共安全、施工安全和工程质量安全三项重点；积极培育并提高应急管理能力、工程质量安全和施工安全监管能力、     

种植条件下土壤水与地下水相互转化研究

选择天山北麓平原两种代表性作物冬小麦和玉米，人为控制不同潜水埋深条件下进行了种植试验，分析研究了种植条件下土壤水和地下水相互转化机理。计算了不同潜水埋深条件下冬小麦和玉米各生育期和全生长期的实际蒸发蒸腾量、潜水补耗差、包气带土壤储水量变化量及同期的潜在蒸发量，结果表明潜水埋深对土壤水和地下水相互转化及农业生态环境具有重要影响。引入了包气带一潜水系统水分转化量均衡临界深度(Z0)概念，发现潜水埋深小于Z0时，潜水向土壤水的转化起主导作用，潜水和土壤水同时对作物需水具有重要动态调节作用，潜水埋深越浅潜水的动态调节能力越强，但是潜水埋深过浅又可能引起土壤次生盐渍化等农业生态环境问题；当潜水埋深大于Z0时，土壤水向潜水的转化起主导作用，土壤水对作物需水仍具有动态调节能力，而潜水基本失去或完全失去对作物需水的动态调节作用，但是有利于潜水入渗补给，增加地下水资源。     

准噶尔盆地西北缘侏罗系储层

准噶尔盆地西北缘侏罗系陆相碎屑岩储层的岩性差异较大，岩性对物性的控制作用明显。储层的孔隙类型多样，不同类型的孔隙在发育规模、丰度及有效性方面都存在显差异，次生溶蚀孔隙、原生粒间孔隙和残余粒间孔隙是最重要的有效孔隙类型。储层渗透率与孔隙度之间存在较好的半对数相关关系。通过设置一定的孔隙度和渗透率参数界线，对储层储集性能进行评价，将侏罗系储层的孔渗性能划分为5个级别，可与当前流行的砂岩储层孔渗性能分级相对应。通过对大量压汞参数样本的聚类分析，将储层的孔隙结构划分为4个类型。通过各类参数统计及曲线形态对比，对孔隙结构类型进行了定量结合定性的优劣评价。最后，结合孔渗性能级别、储集空间类型、孔隙结构类型、岩性等特征，对准噶尔盆地西北缘侏罗系储层进行了综合分类评价。