关于图件规范

1.凡涉国界图件(国内部分地区、全国、世界部分地区、全球)必须使用自然资源部地图技术审查中心标准地图服务提供的底图(下载网址:http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn/index.jsp),所用底图边界要完全无修改(包括南海诸岛位置和相对大小),原图中数字比例尺更换为线段比例尺,南海诸岛小图中含主图部分应包含主图中的专业评价内容,"南海诸岛"等字样不能压九段线或者任何小岛。最后,并须在图题下注明"注:该图基于国家测绘地理信息局标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2019)xxxx号的标准地图制作,底图无修改。"。     

有效群体大小对海湾扇贝F_1生长和存活的影响

1　引言有效群体大小(Ne)为群体内所具有的相当于理想群体繁殖个体的数目[1~3],在群体遗传学中占有十分重要的地位,这方面的研究在国外已有很多报道[4~6].当 Ne 较小时,由于瓶颈效应,野生或养殖群体倾向于近交水平的增加[7].早期研究表明,为了避免近交衰退,确保群体短期内的生存能力,最小的Ne值应为 50; 如果要维持适当的遗传变异,进而确保长期的生存能力,Ne 数量不应小于500[8,9].在贝类养殖方面也有一些研究[10,11],如Hedge cock等[10](1992)估计了牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas 及C. virginica)和硬壳蛤(Mercenaria mercenaria)等16个人工…     

Cryopreservation of amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri) spermatozoa

Amphioxus, Branchiostoma belcheri, a closest relative of vertebrates, is at a high risk of extinction due to a combination of low effective population size, altered native habitats and environmental pollution, yet little is known about cryopreservation of its gametes. This study deals with the cryopreservation of amphioxus semen. The main findings are that (1) the extender of Yao et al. is the best one among the four extenders examined; (2) the appropriate ratio of semen to extender of Yao et al. plus cryoprotectant is from 1:5 to 1:7; (3) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and methanol are the better cryoprotectants than glycerol, with DMSO giving the best results; (4) the eggs fertilized with post-thaw spermatozoa are capable of developing to at least hatching stage, and the highest hatching rate is (12.4±3.0)%. This is the first report on freezing and thawing of amphioxus spermatozoa, providing a simple and practical protocol for cryopreservation of amphioxus spermatozoa and laying a foundation for safeguarding this endangered species.     

稳定电流场反射和透射问题的讨论

稳定电流场反射和透射问题的讨论张金钟（西安石油学院，西安７１００６１）在两种线性、各向同性媒质的分界面上，电力线会发生弯折，这是熟知的事实．如图三所示，两媒质的电阻率分别为Ｐ_１和Ｐ_２，入射电场Ｅ_ｒ和折射电场Ｅ_ｔ与界面法线方向的夹角分别为ａ和ｒ．文献...     

干法毛管压力试验新技术及其在判别储层水饱和度中的应用

根据毛细管压力理论研制的ＹＢ－１型岩石水饱和度仪，广泛应用于油气勘探开发中测定储集岩石的含水饱和度，测定误差小于５％，该方法为不受取心条件、样品大小、物性和岩性限制快速的新方法，实际应用证明效果较好     

以学生为本设计地理作业

教学中的具体做法是：对一些重点教学内容，作业的设计尽可能多角度、多方位的设问。如在学习完“影响盐度大小的因素”一节后，可设计如下作业比较两地的盐度大小：①赤道海区与副热带海区；②赤道海区与红海；③红海与温带海区；④波罗的海区与赤道海区；⑤波罗的海与副热带海区等，通过这一组作业让每一位学生都能获得不同程度的尝试，激发学生的潜能，最终使他们都达到了深层次认识问题本质的目的。     

Substrate selection and seasonal variation in abundance and size composition of isopod Lirceus fontinalis in Ontario streams, Canada

The abundance and size composition of stream isopods Lirceus fontinalis were investigated from April 2001 to August 2002 in 3 streams in southern Ontario, Canada. Effects of current speed was released from the analysis by choosing slow flowing water. The effects of substrate, season and water depth on the abundance, distribution and size composition of the isopods were analyzed. It was found that substrate and season influence isopods the most. The rocky substrate with attached filamentous macro-algae contains an isopod abundance 7.05 times that of bare rock substrate and 14.6 times that of fine-sand and mud substrate. There was a large variation with respect to seasonality in both abundance and size composition of the isopods, with the highest abundance occurring in summer and the lowest in winter and spring; individual isopods also tend to be larger in the winter and spring. In all substrates, shallow areas tend to support higher densities of isopods than deeper areas.     

有效群体大小对蛤仔F1生长和存活影响

对不同有效群体大小(Ne=2、4、8、16、32、200)的蛤仔F1代生长和存活性状进行了比较。结果表明:浮游期,各试验组幼虫壳长均未表现出显著性差异(P0.05),实验组Ne=200的存活率低于其他各实验组,并随着日龄的增长,差异越来越显著;稚贝期,各实验组的壳长和存活率的变化规律和浮游期基本一致。对壳长变异情况分析表明,浮游期,随着群体有效含量的增大,子代开始出现小型个体和大型个体,壳长分布变异逐渐明显;稚贝期,各试验组组内壳长变异进一步加剧,除Ne=2试验组稚贝壳长介于400μm和600μm之间外,其他各试验组均出现明显的小型和大型个体,表现为有效群体越大,组内稚贝壳长变异越为明显。     

应用重力场模型GL1500E和LLR天平动参数估算月核大小及其组成

针对月核大小及密度估计问题,利用高分辨率重力场模型GL1500E的二阶位系数和LLR(lunar laser ranging)天平动参数,考虑月核分层为外核和内核的情况,结合非线性粒子群优化算法,对月核大小和组成进行了估计。大批量的统计结果表明,大概率分布的外核半径rc1约为469 km,内核半径rc2约为303 km,外核密度ρc1约为4613 kg/m3,内核密度ρc2约为7004 kg/m3,月幔密度ρm约为3340 kg/m3。月幔密度非常接近地质研究结果3360 kg/m3,内外核半径与近期其他研究结果相近,估算的月核大小与密度组成具有一定的参考价值。若月核由纯铁和硫化亚铁组成,则研究表明,内核大部分由纯铁组成,外核大部分由硫化亚铁组成。