Urban three-dimensional expansion and its driving forces —A case study of Shanghai, China

Urban expansion is a phenomenon of urban space increase, and an important measuring index of the process of urbanization. Taking Shanghai as an example, the changes of urban average height and built-up area were studied to represent city’s vertical and horizontal increases respectively, and statistical methods were used to analyze the driving forces of urban expansion. The research drew following conclusions: 1) The urban expansion process of Shanghai from 1985 to 2006 had a clear periodic feature, and could be divided into three stages: vertical expansion in dominance, coordinated vertical and horizontal expansion, and horizontal expansion in dominance. 2) The average height and quantity of buildings in core city were significantly bigger than those in suburbs, but the changing speed of the latter was faster. And 3) urbanization process was the major driving force for the city’s horizontal expansion, while industrial structure improvement was the key driving factor for the vertical expansion. Those two driving forces were simultaneously affected by city’s political factors.     

Decomposition analysis on direct material input and dematerialization of mining cities in Northeast China

Material dematerialization is a basic approach to reduce the pressure on the resources and environment and to realize the sustainable development. The material flow analysis and decomposition method are used to calculate the direct material input (DMI) of 14 typical mining cities in Northeast China in 1995-2004 and to analyze the demateri-alization and its driving factors in the different types of mining cities oriented by coal, petroleum, metallurgy and multi-resources. The results are as follows: 1) from 1995 to 2006, the increase rates of the DMI and the material input intensity of mining cities declined following the order of multi-resources, metallurgy, coal, and petroleum cities, and the material utilizing efficiency did following the order of petroleum, coal, metallurgy, and multi-resources cities; 2) during the research period, all the kinds of mining cities were in the situation of weak sustainable development in most years; 3) the pressure on resources and environment in the multi-resources cities was the most serious; 4) the petro-leum cities showed the strong trend of sustainable development; and 5) in recent years, the driving function of eco-nomic development for material consuming has continuously strengthened and the controlling function of material utilizing efficiency for it has weakened. The key approaches to promote the development of circular economy of min-ing cities in Northeast China are put forward in the following aspects: 1) to strengthen the research and development of the technique of resources' cycling utilization, 2) to improve the utilizing efficiency of resources, and 3) to carry out the auditing system of resources utilization.     

Effects of salinity fluctuation amplitudes on growth, osmolarity, Na＋-K＋-ATPase activity and Hsp70 of juvenile Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis Osbeck

The effects of various salinity fluctuation amplitudes (2, 4, 6 and 8) on the growth, osmolarity, Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity and Hsp70 of juvenile Fenneropenaeus chinensis cultured in seawater with a salinity of 20 were studied. The results show that weight gain in the salinity fluctuation treatments was better than that in control; in particular, the weight gain of treatments S4 and S0, at 231.8% and 196.3%, respectively, was significantly different (P<0.05). The hemolymph osmolarity of treatments S0, S2, S4, S6 and S8 was 635.4, 630.8, 623.6, 614.4 and 600.3 mOsm/kg, respectively, and decreased with increasing salinity fluctuation amplitude. The level of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity in gills of F. chinensis was higher than that in hepatopancreas, but there were no significant differences among all treatments, either in gills or hepatopancreas (P>0.05). The relative level of Hsp70 in treatment S4 was 48.4% and 40.4% higher than control in muscle and eyestalks, respectively, with the highest values being recorded under a salinity fluctuation amplitude of 4.     

牟平实施填海造地工程保发展

为加快实现烟台市5个区的融合战略,努力打造牟平北部滨海新区。2009年牟平区将实施大规模的滨海滩涂开发和填海造地工程,通过加大滩涂开发整理的投入,实施配套建设,变“生地”为“熟地”,形成撬动整个土地资产运营的“支点”,快速促进土地升值。同时,填海造地将进一步拓展城市发展空间,增加该区建设用地储备指标,     

淄川区采取措施进一步深化农村土地管理制度改革

一是落实最严格的耕地保护制度。划定永久基本农田,层层落实保护责任,完善保护补偿机制,落实耕地占补平衡制度,耕地必须先补后占。二是落实最严格的节约用地制度。从严控制城乡建设用地总规模,优化城乡建设用地结构和布局,实行城市建设用地增加与农村建设用地减少挂钩政策。三是深化征地制度改革。严格界定公益性和经营性建设用地,     

民间文学的城市地标与当代城市书写——以历史文化名城杭州为例

一、概述 从20世纪90年代开始,伴随着国内城市化进程的加快,以城市为描述主体的文学作品也如同中国的城市一样在数量上急速增长.如果说在此之前的文学作品中,重要的文学意象多是会议室、乡村、商场等等,那么自20世纪90年代以来的文学场景就开始以别墅、时尚消费、酒吧、高档汽车等为主.可遗憾的是,在类似于茅盾文学奖、人民文学奖等知名评选中,以城市为主题的作品仍是屡屡败北、绝少胜出.我们不禁要问,这究竟是什么原因呢?     

新型城市化战略要力避“城市病”

中国近几十年来经历了一个无论在规模还是在速度上,堪称人类史无前例的城市化进程.在1978年到2008年的三十年间,中国城市人口从总人口的18%剧增到46%.     

氡气测量在佳木斯城市地下热水普查的应用

在佳木斯城区地下热水调查中,运用了水中氡活度浓度测量和土壤氡活度浓度测量综合方法,有效地克服了城市地热地质调查中的不利因素.通过对水中氡活度浓度及土壤氡活度浓度测量值的正态化变换以及原始氡活度浓度异常分析,明确了氡活度浓度异常对地下热水控制构造的指示作用.通过对氡活度浓度测量值的趋势分析,提取局部异常,综合各种异常信息,确定了城区地下热水的有利远景区.     

浅论新农村建设中基层国土所的作用

2008年以来,临朐县加大土地储备力度,共储备土地73．33hm^2,招拍挂出让土地43．33hm^2,总成交价达2．4亿元。大量的土地储备与有序供应,有效地促进了土地资源的合理利用,实现了城市建设经济效益和社会效益的最大化。