基于短基线集InSAR技术监测北京地区地表形变

短基线集差分干涉测量(SBAS-InSAR)技术是在传统DInSAR技术基础上发展起来的一种更高精度的长时序变形监测方法,可有效地克服传统DInSAR在微小形变监测中受时空去相干以及大气效应等因素的影响,已成为当前InSAR技术的研究热点.本文利用ENVISAT ASAR传感器获取的22幅C波段影像数据,基于短基线集差分干涉测量技术对北京地区地表沉降进行监测,获取每个观测时刻的形变累积量,得到研究区的形变序列图,进而分析了该区域地表沉降特征,结合地质环境监测成果,初步讨论了2003至2010年间北京地区区域地表沉降成因.     

Permeable Reactive Barrier for the treatment of contaminated surface water in Katedan industrial development area, Hyderabad, India

Permeable Reactive Barrier （PRB） is an emplacement of inert material （s） in the subsurface, designed to intercept a contaminated plume, provides a preferential flow path through the reactive media, and transforms the contaminant into environmentally acceptable forms to attain concentration remediation goals at the discharge of the barrier. The phenomena, which help in remediation within PRB, are adsorption/sorption, precipitation, oxidation/reduction and biodegradation. Various materials like zero-valent iron, zero-valent bi-metals, natural zeolites, organic carbon, fly ash, zeolites, limestone, activated alumina, apatites, etc. have been tried by many researchers to remove organic and inorganic contaminants. In USA, Canada, and many European countries commercial full-scale and pilot scale PRBs are successfully working. The design and installation of full scale PRBs needs laboratory treatability and dynamic flow column experiments？ The concept of PRB is being applied to treat contaminated surface water in the Katedan industrial area, Hyderabad, India. National Geophysical Research Institute （NGRI）, Hyderabad, India, conducted systematic studies in collaboration with Norwegian Geotechnical Institute （NGI）, Norway, to develop PRB technique to decontaminate the surface water pollution due to industrial effluent. A site assessment study in the Katedan Industrial Area, were carried out and water, soil and sediment from the lakes of the area were found to be polluted with high concentrations of heavy metals like As, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, etc. Adsorption studies at NGRI with synthetic samples and in-situ industrial effluent using different reactive media for removing contaminants like arsenic, chromium, cadmium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc have been carried out and yielded satisfactory results. The performance of zero-valent iron and limestone is encouraging in removing As,     

地图科研成果荣获国家自然科学奖

不久前颁布的2004年度国家自然科学奖中．由国家测绘局推荐的项目《数字地表模型的多维动态构模研究》荣获二等奖。该项目由国家基础地理信息中心陈军、香港理工大学教授李志林、以及朱庆、蒋捷、王东华等人合作完成。他们针对多维动态数字地表模型构建这一国际学术前沿问题．以地理空间实体及相互间关系的抽象与表达为主线．研究了地表空间铺盖、地物空间关系理论、数字地形精度、多维动态空间数据建模、多尺度表达等基本问题。     

新密煤田地热资源成因探讨

通过对新密煤田地质条件、构造条件、煤系岩石的放射性特征、下热水的水文地球化学、气体成分等特征的研究,认为形成新密煤田地热资源的热源是来自硫化矿物生热、岩浆余热以及煤系地层岩石放射性物质产热的学说证据不足;而新密煤田的水文地质条件,地质构造条件为该区地下水的深循环提供了条件,故而在该区形成了水热型的中低温地热资源.     

卫星遥感在秸秆焚烧监测中的应用

通过对MODIS光谱特征的分析，提出了一种综合运用3S技术进行秸秆焚烧动态监测的资料处理流程和量化判识指标。通过在关中地区2004年麦秸秆焚烧监测中的应用，效果良好，为政府部门迅速、准确地了解全省秸秆焚烧情况，提高预警能力和监督检查的效率提供了科学依据。     

辩题2:遥感技术能(不能)取代地表常规观测技术

海阔凭鱼跃，天高任鸟飞，工具的发展规律告诉我们，更先进，更强大，更方便的工具终究能取代旧有工具。因此，今天我方所持观点是：遥感技术能取代地表常规观测技术。     

测绘类五项成果获2004年度国家科学技术奖

近日，在北京人民大会堂举行的国家科学技术奖励大会传来喜讯，测绘类共有j项成果获得2004年度国家科技奖励。获奖情况如下。     

土壤热异常对地表能量平衡影响初探

将来自土壤深部的热通量引入off line的陆面过程模式 (NCAR—LSM ) ,通过长达 2a的数值试验对比分析了它对各层次土壤温度和地表能量平衡的影响。　　在土壤底部引入 5W /m2 的热通量使底层土壤显著升温 ,但升温随着接近表层而迅速衰减。积分 3个月后 ,由地下进入地表的热流量增幅可达 1W/m2 以上 ,并持续增大到 5W /m2 ,地表最大升温约 0 .5K ,同时地表感热、蒸发潜热及长波辐射通量均有 1W /m2 左右的正异常 ;若将土壤热传导系数放大一个量级以加速热量交换 ,则地表升温提高到 1K以上 ,长波辐射增加 3W /m2 以上 ,超过了气溶胶全球平均的辐射效应。结果表明 :一定量值的土壤热异常对地表能量平衡和短期气候变化 (10 -1～ 10 1a)有着不可忽略的影响。同时 ,深入的资料分析、完善的陆面过程模式以及它与大气模式的耦合试验也是亟待进行的相关工作。     

中尺度模式中的边界层特征量分析

在中尺度数值天气预报模式MM4中，用level3及E-ε-l两种湍流闭合方法对原总体边界层参数化方案进行改进，使得中尺度模式中可以直接输出有关湍流量，并对地表通量参数化方案进行改进，进而对不同下势需如沙漠，植被上的有关湍流量和边界层特征量进行分析。研究中尺度系统中边界层结构的特征，本文主要从地表通量，湍流交换系数，湍流动能（q^2)，温度脉动方差（θ^2)及风温廓线等几个方面进行研究，结果表明，新方案能更好地反映边界层特征。     

土壤热异常影响地表能量平衡的个例分析和数值模拟

The statistical relationship between soil thermal anomaly and short-term climate change is presented based on a typical case study. Furthermore, possible physical mechanisms behind the relationship are revealed through using an off-line land surface model with a reasonable soil thermal forcing at the bottom of the soil layer.In the first experiment, the given heat flux is 5 W m-2 at the bottom of the soil layer (in depth of 6.3 m)for 3 months, while only a positive ground temperature anomaly of 0.06℃ can be found compared to the control run. The anomaly, however, could reach 0.65℃ if the soil thermal conductivity was one order of magnitude larger. It could be even as large as 0.81℃ assuming the heat flux at bottom is 10 W m-2. Meanwhile, an increase of about 10 W m-2 was detected both for heat flux in soil and sensible heat on land surface, which is not neglectable to the short-term climate change. The results show that considerable response in land surface energy budget could be expected when the soil thermal forcing reaches a certain spatial-tem poral scale. Therefore, land surface models should not ignore the upward heat flux from the bottom of the soil layer. Moreover, integration for a longer period of time and coupled land-atmosphere model are also necessary for the better understanding of this issue.