西方城市环境议题及其研究述评

基于英文文献的搜集和整理,从以下几方面对西方城市环境议题展开综述:环境议题的兴起;城市环境议题的主要研究主题和进展;城市环境议题的主要特点和城市地理学视角研究的述评.研究发现:城市环境问题具有历史性、尺度性、综合性,城市-自然/环境二元观被现有研究打破,发展中国家城市环境问题具有特殊性且一度被忽略;城市地理学可以充分发挥学科优势,借助技术方法革新和学科交叉的机遇参与和推动上述研究;未来环境议题将成长为城市地理学领域的重要研究方向.     

地理学第一定律之争及其对地理学理论建设的启示

地理学理论尤其是定律的争论, 实质上反映着不同时代背景下地理学认识的发展, TFL(Tobler''s First Law of Geography)之争就是一个典型案例。在这场争论中, 地理学理论的建设超出了传统的以科学哲学为基础的理论思考, 出现了科学社会学对地理学理论的反思这一新的视角。以TFL的合理性为基础, 地理学家论证了TFL在匀质空间和非匀质空间中的合理性, 并强化了地理学的时间和空间维度。在论证过程中, 早期的例外论之争、计量革命和理论革命都被提及, 而其关联的基础之一是GIS和GISscience的发展及其对现代空间的表述和解读。而且, TFL之争以“邻近”为核心, 在理论上与研究维度、尺度及其转换和时间地理学结合起来, 构建了以“邻近”为核心的“维度-尺度-地域”关系体系。     

地球物理场观测中的大气效应问题研究

作用在地表的大气质量不仅产生引力位的扰动,而且会引起各种地球物理场的附加效应,本文综述了近年来国内外同行在研究地表位移、重力、倾斜和应变固体潮观测中实施的大气效应改正问题,包括利用台站气压资料建立的实测模型,建立大气重力格林函数,利用全球和区域气象数据计算大气效应,建立大气改正的误差模型等,最后文章讨论了今后研究展望。     

中国天山冰川观测试验站10年回顾与展望

This paper presents a review of the scientific work of the Tianshan Glaciological Station over the past 10 years. The progress of scientific research, student training and construction of the station is summarized. In addition a prospect is also given.     

煤储层吸附特征研究现状及展望

从吸附机理、吸附数学模型、吸附影响因素以及多元气体吸附等几个方面，综述了国内外煤储层吸附气体研究的现状，分析了当前我国煤储层吸附研究中存在的问题和难点，对下一步煤储层吸附研究的发展趋势和需要解决的问题作了进一步的探讨。     

历史生物地理学的理论和方法

历史生物地理学的理论主要是扩散和隔离分化的理论。到目前为止 ,形成了扩散学派、种系发生学派、泛生物地理学派和分支生物地理学派。除了扩散学派外 ,其它学派都有一些可操作的、规范的分析程序和方法。文中对它们进行了简要的介绍和述评。作为南半球环太平洋分布的、且研究较多的植物例子 ,也简要介绍了南山毛榉属的研究进展。     

全面建设东北地区新型公益性地质调查队伍为实现中心高质量持续快速发展而努力奋斗——2008年以来地质调查工作回顾与展望

1 过去三年的工作情况2008年以来,在国土资源部、中国地质调查局的正确领导下,通过广大干部职工的共同努力,大干苦干,全面完成了各年确定的工作任务,领导班子团结,职工队伍稳定,各项事业蓬勃发展,在地质调查、人才培养、职工生活和为地方服务等各方面均取得了显著的成绩,三年来,领导班子坚持实事求是的思想路线,一切从实际出发,依据每一年的具体情况,逐年确定了工作重点.     

REGIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM： THEORETICAL APPROACH AND EMPIRICAL STUDY OF CHINA

Regional innovation system (RIS) is the new research field of modern economic geography in the age of knowledge economy. Based on the researches of regional economic geography, the authors of the paper consider RIS as the integrated and interactive systems with innovation milieu, elements, units, structure and functions. Five aspects of evaluation indicators including innovation input scale and output scale, innovation milieu transition, innovation inner operation, as well as innovation outer impact are worked out for final indicators of RIS scale and quality. According to different RIS situations, three patterns of independent, imitative and cooperative development are put forward for choosing. At the latter part of the paper, we select 12 provincial regions (including three municipalities and one autonomous region) of China for empirical study. The results show that there exists great difference among each region from the aspects of innovation scale and quality mainly owning to the diversification of RIS social and economic milieu, the major innovative units of enterprises, universities and R&D institutes. Finally, the paper points out the innovation development decisions for each region. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40131010) LIU Shu-guang (1966–), male, a native of Xiajin County of Shandong, Ph. D., associate professor, specialized in regional economic development and regional innovation system. E-mail: dawnliu9631@263.net     

长江口滨岸湿地沉积物对上覆水体中无机氮的净化能力估算

Estuarine wetlands serve as a natural barrier to remove the land-generated pollut-ants and attenuate the pollutant load from the land to the sea. As one of the most important estuarine wetlands, the Yangtze estuarine wetlands have attracted particular interests in the biogeochemical studies of nutrients. The objectives of this study were to characterize the seasonal and spatial distribution of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) fluxes across the sediment-water interface; to calculate the total DIN fluxes in a year and different seasons; and to evaluate the DIN removing capability of the sediment in the tidal wetlands of the Yangtze Estuary. The spatial distribution of DIN fluxes shows complicated seasonal variations and spatial differences. The annual DIN fluxes range from -22.22 mmol N m-2 h-1 to 19.54 mmolN m-2 h-1, with an average of -1.48±1.34 mmol N m-2 h-1. The tidal wetlands in the Yangtze Estuary behave as a source of water DIN in spring when DIN is released from sediment into overlying water, and the released amount of DIN is 1.33×104 tons of nitrogen (T N). In sum-mer, autumn and winter, the sediment absorbs the DIN from the overlying water, and the absorbed amounts of DIN are 4.36×104 T N, 6.81×104 T N and 2.24×104 T N, respectively. The average amount of DIN in overlying water of the Yangtze Estuary is 52.6×104 T N yr-1, and the perennial average amount of DIN absorbed from the overlying water by the sediment is 12.1×104 T N yr-1. The annual DIN elimination rate of the tidal wetlands was 23.0%.