COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF ANOMALOUS CONVECTIVE ACTIVITIES IN THE TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC ON TWO PERSISTENT HEAVY RAIN EVENTS IN SOUTH CHINA

The different effects of anomalous convective activities in the tropical western Pacific on two persistent heavy rain events in South China in 2005 and 2006 have been compared in this study. The dataused consist of NOAA Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) data, the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis and precipitation from meteorological stations in South China. Results show that the persistent heavy rain in 2005 was related to the 10-25-day westward propagation of convective activities in the tropical western Pacific from about 150 °E. The physical mechanism is interpreted as a Gill-type response of subtropical anticyclone westward extension during weak convective activities period over the Philippine Sea. Our researches also show that the persistent heavy rain in 2006 has longer period than that in 2005, and the subtropical anticyclone persists westward in the earlier summer which is possibly related to the lasting anomalous strong convective motion in the southern branch of Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the tropic western Pacific. The anomalous convective activities affect the local Hadley circulation over the western Pacific with anomalous ascending motion south of the equator and anomalous descend motion north of it, in favor of the westward extension of the subtropical anticyclone for a long time. Comparison between the two persistent heavy rain events indicates different physical effects of convective activities in the tropical western Pacific, though both effects are helpful to the subtropical anticyclone westward extension as a common character of large-scale circulation backgrounds for persistent heavy rain events in South China.     

战国秦时期夯土长城加固强度试验研究

对已风化而频临危险的文物进行渗透加固保护以提高土的胶结强度,是国际上普遍认可的科学加固方法。通过室内单轴抗压强度、抗剪强度和渗透试验研究发现,抗压强度随浓度及加固次数增加而提高,材料具有可重复使用性,但加固剂的浓度增加不宜超过7 %;? 值随加固剂浓度和加固次数有明显增加趋势,c值有所提高但变化没有明显的规律性;土经固化后的渗透系数略有降低,但变化在同一数量级内,不影响土的渗透性。综合分析试验结果,对于密度为1.3～1.50 g•cm-3风化墙面,以浓度5 %～7 %的PS材料多次加固为宜;密度为1.5～1.7 g•cm-3的风化墙面适宜以3 %～5 %浓度的PS材料多次加固。加固后强度和渗透性满足文物保护特殊要求。     

THE DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF THE RAPID CHANGE IN TROPICAL CYCLONES INTENSITY BEFORE LANDFALL IN SOUTH CHINA

1 INTRODUCTION Sudden changes in the intensity of the tropical cyclone (TC) are a difficult issue to be tackled.Few of the previous works dealt with the characteristics of large-scale circulation background of TCs that experience sudden intensity changes prior to landfall. Studies that do address the issue are only case-based, which do not isolate large-scale circulation background common to all cases,whether it be favorable or not. By diagnostically studying large-scale characteristics of two categories of TCs, one intensifying and the other weakening, suddenly, before making landfall on the area of South China, the current work attempts to support the prediction of TC intensity.     

走近南长城

提起长城,人们首先想到的就是蜿蜒在中国北方从山海关到嘉峪关的万里长城,然而在中国的南方,近年来历史学家和文物工作者发现并考证了在湘黔交界处也有一座长城,专家们把这座蜿蜒千里的“苗疆边墙”称之为“中国南方长城”。1初识南长城2005年5月18日,记者有机会走近中国南方长     

华北山区坡地产流规律研究

Simulated rainfall is a valid tool to examine the runoff generation on the slope. 13 simulated rainfall experiments with different rainfall intensities and durations are completed in a 5 m ×10 m experimental plot in mountainous area of North China. Simultaneously, rainfall, surface runoff, soil-layer flow, mantel-layer flow and soil moisture are monitored respectively. From the results, it is found that the hydrographs in all layers have the characteristics of rapid rise and fall. The recessions of surface flow and soil-layer flow are much faster than that of mantel-layer flow. Surface flow, the main contributor, makes up more than 60% of the total runoff in the study area. It even exceeds 90% in the cases of high intensity rainfall events. Runoff coefficient (ratio of total runoff to rainfall amount) is mainly influenced by rainfall amount, rainfall intensity and antecedent soil moisture, and the relationship can be well ex-pressed by a multiple linear regression function a = 0.002P + 0.1821 + 4.88Wa - 0.821. The relation between the rainfall intensity and the lag time of three flows (surface runoff, soil-layer flow and mantel-layer flow) is shown to be exponential. Then, the result also shows that the recession constant is 0.75 for surface runoff, is 0.94 for soil-layer and mantel-layer flow in this area. In this study area, the dominant infiltration excess runoff is simulated by Horton model. About 0.10 mm/min percolation is observed under the condition of different rainfall intensities, therefore the value is regarded as the steady infiltration rate of the study area.     

今内蒙古境内的西汉城镇遗迹

在汉长城及战国和秦长城沿线内侧,西汉大修边城。到目前为止,已发现的长城沿线汉代城址不止一百座。城内有官署、民居、街道,城外有墓地有的还附有城障、烽燧。还有一部分边城属于军事建置。在西起乌拉特后旗,东迄奈曼旗的长城沿线内外,凡重要的关口和适     

基于RS和GIS长城沿线沙漠化动态研究

基于遥感影像,以长城沿线榆林地区为研究对象,在野外实地观测和验证的基础上利用RS和GIS平台对该地区沙漠化进行动态变化研究。结果表明:在1988—2002年沙漠化面积在逐步减少;按照沙漠化的类型分析,在1999年之前,逆转区的面积为1 221 682.0 hm2,发展区的面积为1 285 603.0 hm2,发展区的面积大于逆转区的面积;1999年之后,发展区的面积为680 374.6 hm2,逆转区的面积为1 488 989.0 hm2,逆转区的面积远大于发展区的面积;从沙漠化程度分析,轻度和潜在沙漠化的面积在大幅度地降低,但中度以上的沙漠化面积仍然在蠕动扩展,这一数据表明榆林地区沙漠化的形势仍然不容乐观,要居安思危。     

前期春季西北太平洋潜热通量与中国南方秋季降水的联系及其可能的物理机制

利用中国科学院海洋研究所提供的印度洋—太平洋海洋热通量资料,研究了1989—2010年中国南方地区秋季降水与前期春季西北太平洋潜热通量年际变化的联系,并讨论了其可能的物理机制。结果表明,前期春季4月西北太平洋(15°—30°N,150°—170°E)潜热通量与中国南方秋季降水有显著的正相关,当前期关键区潜热通量偏高(低)时,则中国南方秋季降水偏多(少)。分析发现前期关键区潜热通量强弱主要由西北太平洋上空气旋性风切变造成,当前期4月关键区潜热通量偏大时,该关键区正处于西北太平洋上空气旋性风切变北侧大风区中,而在其南侧的赤道强西风使得日界线附近出现海温偏高。随后,次表层高海温伴随开尔文波东传,相应地其北侧的低海温伴随罗斯贝波西传,于秋季西传至热带西太平洋地区,并激发出菲律宾反气旋,从而有利于热带洋面暖湿水汽向中国南方输送,使得南方地区降水偏多,反之亦然。     

让雄伟的长城走向世界把古老的长城留给子孙

今年9月．是邓小平同志“爱我中华．修我长城”题词发表二十周年．今天,我们大家相聚在一起．召开这个纪念大会．很有意义。首先．我想在这里就小平同志这8个宇题词的深刻内涵谈一谈自己的理解。我认为这个题词不仅仅是为长城修缮题写的,前提是“爱我中华”。因为爱我中华．所以才修长城．用对长城的保护来体现对中华的热爱。     

詹公天佑 长城保护的先驱

2009年10月11日,中华人比共和国60周年国庆。 2009年10月2日,京张铁路通车典礼百年纪念。