让生活告诉学生学习地理的意义

古人常形容一个人的才学，总是夸其“上知天文，下知地理”这足以显示地理知识对古人的重要性，那么当今的地理对一个人的生活、综合素质等又有什么影响呢？记得在中央电视台举办的一次青年歌手大赛总决赛中，主持人向选手出示了一道地理题：“中国在北半球还是在南半球？”那位选手回答“南半球”。这个答案让电视机前看节目的孩子都笑得喷饭!从这个例子中我们可以看出，地理常识依然是衡量一个人的综合素质的重要组成部分，它影响着人们的生活、工作。     

追本溯源 气候类型多样的澳大利亚

解析 位于南半球的澳大利亚是大洋洲面积最大的国家,也是世界上唯一独占一个大陆的国家,气候类型复杂多样。此题考查了澳大利亚气候类型的名称、分布、气候特征和形成原因,属典型的气候类型题。理解、掌握了初、高中课本中有关澳大利亚气候的基础知识,回答起来难度不大。     

由一道虚拟区域试题说开去

一、解析 图中要素虽然简单,但涉及到的地理规律、原理却很多。可从图中风向与等压线关系判断该图位于北半球,理由是气压梯度力垂直于等压线,由高压指向低压,再由风向的偏向判断南北半球（受地转偏向力的影响,北半球向右偏,南半球向左偏）;可从1月日出东南、日落西南,太阳光线始终与晨昏线垂直的角度,判读出该晨昏线为晨线,也可由1月份越向北白昼越短、黑夜越长,判断该晨昏线是晨线;     

双手作为教具 巧妙判定方向

在地理教学过程中,常常会遇到判定运动方向的问题。这是地理教学的重点,同时也是地理教学中的难点所在。在地理教学中巧妙地运用自己的手来判定方向,南半球用左手,北半球用右手,这样就避免一些学生出现记忆混乱的局面。“南左北右”的应用主要在以下几方面：     

南半球夏季风的爆发和撤退日

采用１５年经纬网格为１度的地球静止卫星５天平均高云量资料对印度尼西亚、澳大利亚和新几内亚地区的夏季风季节循环、爆发和撤退日期进行分析。对上述资料的分析表明，用平均高云量大于３０％的区域能定义热带对流区云的季节循环。     

The watermass variability and southward shift of the Southern Hemispheremid-depth supergyre

The Southern Hemisphere subtropical supergyre at intermediate depths connects all three ocean basins and plays a significant role in responding and conveying the climate-change-related variations in the glob- al ocean. On the basis of the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation/SODA） ocean reanalysis, the thermohaline variability and southward shift of the mid-depth supergyre are demonstrated. The steric height of the sub- surface relative to 1 500 m （400-1 500 m） from the SODA depicts exactly the flow patterns and variability of the oceanic supergyre. During 1958-2007 the water masses in the gyre interiors become cooler/fresher, with the significant exceptions of the Agulhas Current system and Agulhas leakage. The results also exhibit a pronounced strengthening of the inter-basin connection of the supergyre, and the strongest southward shift, by about 2.5° over the whole period, occurs in the central-south Pacific, which is associated with the changes in the basin-scale wind forcing.     

基于公开版地图数据库的福建省地图公共服务探究

分析了福建省地图公共服务现状以及存在的问题,从创新数据库建库模式、创新地图服务模式、加强标准地图服务建设等方面提出地图公共服务优化思路,为"十四五"期间提升地图公共服务能力提供一定的借鉴.     

The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) in PMIP2 simulations of the last glacial maximum

The increasing trend of the Southern Annular Mode （SAM） in recent decades has influenced climate change in the Southem Hemisphere （SH）.How the SAM will respond increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the future remains uncertain.Understanding the variability of the SAM in the past under a colder climate such as during the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM） might provide some understanding of the response of the SAM under a future warmer climate.We analyzed the changes in the SAM during the LGM in comparison to pre-industrial （PI） simulations using five coupled ocean-atmosphere models （CCSM,FGOALS,IPSL,MIROC,HadCM） from the second phase of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project （PMIP2）.In CCSM,MIROC,IPSL,and FGOALS,the variability of the simulated SAM appears to be reduced in the LGM compared to the PI simulations,with a decrease in the standard deviation of the SAM index.Overall,four out of the five models suggest a weaker SAM amplitude in the LGM consistent with a weaker SH polar vortex and westerly winds found in some proxy records and model analyses.The weakening of the SAM in the LGM was associated with an increase in the vertical propagation of Rossby waves in southern high latitudes.     

Multi-scale variation characteristics of polar vortex at 10 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere

By use of 1948-2007 NCEP/NCAR reanalysis monthly geopotential data, a set of circulation indices are defined to characterize the polar vortex at 10 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere, including area-(S), intensity-(P) and centre position-(λc , φc) indices. Sea-sonal variation, interannual anomalies and their possible causes of 10 hPa polar vortex in the Southern Hemisphere are analyzed by using these indices, the relationship between 10 hPa polar vortex strength and the Antarctic Oscillation are analyzed as well. The results show that: (1) the polar region at 10 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere is controlled by anticyclone (cyclone) from Dec. to Jan. (from Mar. to Oct.), Feb. and Nov. are circulation transition seasons. (2) Intensity index (P) and area index (S) of anticy-clone (cyclone) in Jan. (Jul.) show a significant spike in the late 1970s, the anticyclone (cyclone) enhances (weakens) from ex-tremely weak (strong) oscillation to near the climatic mean before a spike, anticyclone tends to the mean state from very strong oscillation and cyclone oscillates in the weaker state after the spike. (3) There is significant interdecadal change for the anticyclone center in Jan., while markedly interannual variation for cyclone center in July. (4) The ozone anomalies can cause the interannual anomaly of the polar anticyclone at 10 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere in Jan. (positive correlation between them), but it is not related to the polar cyclone anomalies. (5) There is notable negative correlation between the polar vortex intensity index P and the Antarctic Oscillation index (AAOI), thus AAOI can be represented by P.     

夏季长江淮河流域异常降水事件环流差异及机理研究

长江、淮河同处东亚中纬度,天气过程的大尺度环流背景相似,大量相关研究基本是把江淮流域天气气候事件作为一个整体研究,然而对长江、淮河流域夏季降水的时空变化进行分析发现,长江、淮河流域夏季异常降水事件有各自不同的年际、年代际变化特征,但环流差异及成因并不十分清楚。本文根据中国台站降水资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,利用物理量诊断和现代统计学等方法,重点分析长江、淮河流域梅雨期降水异常事件发生时南北半球大气环流内部动力过程的差异及成因。研究指出:长江（淮河）流域梅雨期降水异常偏多年500 hPa位势高度场亚洲中高纬度环流呈现为南北向（东西向）的波列与东亚中高纬鄂霍茨克海阻塞频次增多（减少）以及200 hPa高度场上东亚副热带高空西风急流强度加强（减弱）、稳定（移动）有关;长江（淮河）流域梅雨期降水异常偏多年主要水汽来源与南半球澳大利亚高压、马斯克林高压位置偏东（西）造成西太平洋150°E～180°（阿拉伯海50°E～60°E）地区越赤道气流加强有关。长江（淮河）流域梅雨期异常降水事件大气环流内部动力过程最显著的差异表现为:东亚副热带高空西风急流加强（减弱）以及南半球澳大利亚高压、马斯克林高压位置偏东（西）。