北极航道利益研究综述

为了解国内外关于北极航道利益的研究成果,促进我国对北极航道资源的进一步研究和开发利用,文章从北极航道的利益相关主体、利益归属和经济利益3个方面梳理相关文献,并提出未来研究方向和重点。结果表明:北极航道的利益相关主体主要包括北极8国、近北极国家和传统航道受益国;加拿大和俄罗斯依据"历史性权利"和"直线基线法"强调其对北极航道的主权,而其他国家认为其"内水论"的主张具有不合理性,争议重点在于国际航道属性的判定;北极航道对于提高航运利益、贸易利益和资源利益发挥重要作用;北极航道利益相关主体可能形成的经济利益关系和利益集团是重要研究方向,其中增加创新点和搭建模型等是研究重点。     

2003年北极科考期间一次极涡个例天气学分析

2003年9月3日到14日,"雪龙"号考察船进入北冰洋楚科奇海观测期间,正值一次典型的北极极涡环流过程形成和发展。以往研究大多集中于极涡的平均水平环流特征和季节变化,该例为我们研究它的瞬时环流形势和特征提供了条件。利用NCEP全球分析资料及第二次北极科考资料对这次个例进行天气学分析,通过描述极涡个例的发展情况,平流层、对流层的环流特征以及二者之间的关系,并分析卫星遥感图像及"雪龙"号考察船的气象资料,分析结果发现:2003年中国第二次北极科考期间经历的极涡形成和发展,典型地表现出极地冬夏环流型的转换过程。首先在平流层发生,然后向对流层传播,该个例是一次在平流层西退加强,在对流层东移南下的过程。     

Dominant climate factors influencing the Arctic runoff and association between the Arctic runoff and sea ice

By using the Arctic runoff data from R-ArcticNET V4.0 and ArcticRIMS, trends of four major rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean, whose climate factor plays an important role in determining the variability of the Arctic runoff, are investigated. The results show that for the past 30 years, the trend of the Arctic runoff is seasonally dependent. There is a significant trend in spring and winter and a significant decreasing trend in summer, leading to the reduced seasonal cycle. In spring, surface air temperature is the dominant factor influencing the four rivers. In summer, precipitation is the most important factor for Lena and Mackenzie, while snow cover is the most important factor for Yenisei and Ob. For Mackenzie, atmospheric circulation does play an important role for all the seasons, which is not the case for the Eurasian rivers. The authors further discuss the relationships between the Arctic runoff and sea ice. Significant negative correlation is found at the mouth of the rivers into the Arctic Ocean in spring, while significant positive correlation is observed just at the north of the mouths of the rivers into the Arctic in summer. In addition, each river has different relationship with sea ice in the eastern Greenland Sea.     

GPS/PDA技术在长沙县土地调查中的应用

主要评述了基于GPS/PDA技术的"调查之星"土地调查作业系统的系统组成及工作流程,以及该系统取代传统的土地调查方法在湖南省长沙县2005年度土地利用变更调查及更新调查等工作中的实际应用,旨在为我省众多的基层国土资源管理部门的土地调查工作提出新的思路,同时也为我省目前正在开展的第二次土地调查工作提供一种可供选择的新方法、新手段.     

Status of the Recent Declining of Arctic Sea Ice Studies

In the past 30 years, a large-scale change occurred in the Arctic climatic system, which had never been observed before 1980s. At the same time, the Arctic sea ice experienced a special evolution with more and more rapidly dramatic declining. In this circumstance, the Arctic sea ice became a new focus of the Arctic research. The recent advancements about abrupt change of the Arctic sea ice are reviewed in this paper .The previous analyses have demonstrated the accelerated declining trend of Arctic sea ice extent in the past 30 years, based on in-situ and satellite-based observations of atmosphere, as well as the results of global and regional climate simulations. Especially in summer, the rate of decrease for the ice extents was above 10% per decade. In present paper, the evolution characteristics of the arctic sea ice and its possible cause are discussed in three aspects, i.e. the sea ice physical properties, the interaction process of sea ice, ocean and atmosphere and its response and feedback mechanism to global and arctic climate system.     

掩星驿站

月掩星是一个很有趣味的观测项目,在掩星之前或之后,被掩星都是在月球附近的。当你看到恒星逐渐接近月球的暗边缘且突然“消失”或恒星突然“出现”的一刹那,你会明显感觉到月球的运动。观测小行星掩星需要观测者比较熟悉星空,可以通过星图准确无误地找到被掩的恒星。观测时,只需要看到被掩的恒星即可。每次新的掩星观测都可能带来潜在的新发现,只要你进行了一次观测,无论是否观测到掩星现象的发生,你的观测结果都是非常有意义的。     

掩星情报站

随着寒冷的冬季来临,掩星事件似乎也少了许多。在今年最后一个月里,我国比较适合观测的月掩星只有两次,分别是12月3日傍晚的月掩摩羯座θ星和16日早晨的月掩巨蟹座δ星。本月有六次适合我国爱好者观测的小行星掩星,这几次中被掩星最亮的为6．8等。     

掩星情报站

今年有多次月掩亮星现象,在本月的三次月掩星中,就有两次月掩亮星现象,分别是10日早晨的月掩人马λ星和27～28日的月掩狮子o星,这两颗被掩星亮度都比较亮,也更适合于观测。发生在我国境内适合观测的小行星掩星也有十次,其中2月17日凌晨在同一地区附近可能会连续两次观测到3056号小行星掩星。在短短的20分钟之内同一小行星连续掩两颗恒星的现象还是比较少见的。     

掩星情报站

八月份适合观测的月掩星仅仅只有一次,被掩星亮度是4．2等,小行星掩星事件就有6次,而新疆地区就可见4次之多,在小行星掩星中,被掩星最亮的为6．4等,这几次小行星掩星的最长掩食时间最长的为2秒钟。