STAGES OF LATE HOLOCENE GULLY DEVELOPMENT IN THE CENTRAL RUSSIAN PLAIN

Two gullies located in the Protva River basin （central part of European Russia, 100 Ion southwest of Moscow） were studied to investigate the history of their development during Late Holocene. This case study included detailed topographic and geomorphologic surveys, geological cross-sections, and radiocarbon dating of organic matter in gully sediments. For both gullies, incision of the long profile occurred for most of the Holocene, as indicated by the limited presence of infill sediment. However, interruptions of incisions occurred in both gullies during the last -3.5 ka （the Chugunkin gully） or -2.0 ka （the Uzkiy gully）, as evident from stratigraphic interpretation of the sediment record. Periods of surface stabilization are represented by buried soil horizons, whereas relatively thick sediment layers suggest periods of predominant aggradation. Similarities and differences in discovered sequences of erosion and accumulation stages for the two gullies point out the importance of distinguishing between local and regional controls. Evidence of the role of internal system behavior and self-development in the gully long-term evolution is clear from asynchronous response of different parts of gullies. In recent times （-500 years）, active agricultural development of the study territory resulted in accelerated incisions, followed by deposition of catchment-derived material. The latter was limited to the upper parts of the gullies, while incisions have continued in the middle and lower parts. The impact of human activities （-500 years） has been very limited. This suggests that within the forest zone of the Russian Plain many gullies which were earlier attributed to anthropogenic factors are, in realitv, due to natural phenomena.     

OVERVIEW OF DAM GULLY EROSION RESEARCH

Traditionally gully erosion has been identified with the dissection of the landscape in agricultural settings but it is also recognized as a prevalent erosion feature in earthen dam auxiliary spillways and embankments. Flows through earthen spillways and over dam embankments, due to large rainfall events, have the potential to erode and breach the dam or spillway and result in catastrophic releases from the reservoir. The gully erosion process in an earthen spillway or on an embankment can be characterized by stages of initiation, development, and migration of a headcut. A headcut is defmed as a near vertical drop at the upstream end of a gully. The rate of headcut migration is important in determining the breach potential of an earthen spillway and dam embankment. A research program is being conducted to examine the gully erosion processes of earthen dam auxiliary spillways and embankments. This paper describes： l ） the unique test facilities constructed to examine the dominant factors affecting the erosion of earthen spillways and embankments; 2） the observations of the erosion processes and results to date; and 3） the predictive relationships that have been developed for dam gully erosion research at the ARS Hydraulic Engineering Research Unit laboratory in Stillwater, OK.     

四川西昌邛海的浊流沉积初探

鹅掌河位于邛海南岸,在近15年来泥石流和洪水不断地将泥沙从鹅掌河带入邛海,在邛海底部大量淤积泥沙,形成一由南到北(长2km),由低到高(平均高2m),由窄到宽(南岸宽200m,北岸宽600m)的水下堤,在邛海湖中连接鹅掌河河口堆积扇处还发现了的水下冲沟。湖底扇,水下堤和水下冲沟对于研究湖相和海相浊流沉积有一定的研究和应用价值。浊流特别是高浓度浊流在湖中的沉积模式研究对于湖底和海底地貌的变迁,湖盆和深海油气藏的发现都有一定的价值和意义。     

金沙江下游元谋盆地冲沟发育特征和过程分析

金沙江下游元谋盆地广泛分布的下更新统元谋组地层为粘土层与砂土层互层，冲沟发育，冲沟侵蚀吞食耕地，造成土地劣化，对土地资源危害很大，论述了元谋组地层冲构具有沟壁直立，溯源侵蚀速度快，沟头组合形态多样等特征，分析了冲沟发育过程和影响因素。     

北京西北狼山-黄柏寺断裂带几何学分段的冲沟纵剖面标志

北京西北的狼山-黄柏寺断裂带是延庆盆地北缘正断裂带的西南部分,两个130°—140°的主要弯曲把它分成了走向不同的三个断层段落。 利用Hack的方法分析了沿该断裂带的71条冲沟纵剖面,显示出它们对断层几何学分段很好的地貌响应。在两个弯曲部位,比降指标K值较高。三个断层段落在五值、五值水平分组、裂点(具有高SL/K比值)分级,以及主河长度-面积关系等方面有很大不同。 冲沟纵剖面是正断层几何学分段重要的构造地貌标志,并将为各段落的运动学和古地震学提供认识     

黄土区沟谷发育与气候变化的关系(以洛川黄土塬区为例)

黄土区沟谷侵蚀与气候变化有密切关系。黄土是干冷气候环境中堆积的地质体,只有在干冷时期才是稳定的。气候变湿润时黄土区发生冲沟侵蚀。洛川黄土塬区20万年以来至少出现过五次明显的侵蚀时期,该区河流的侵蚀与堆积过程恰好和冲沟发育过程相反,但两者在时间上可以较好地对比。     

山西系舟山西麓断裂右旋错动证据及全新世滑动速率

山西断陷的忻定盆地和太原盆地之间为石岭关横向隆起。系舟山西麓断裂即位于石岭关隆起东侧的基岩和黄土梁界线附近,走向北5°—15°东,倾向西,倾角65°,向北与北东东走向的系舟山北麓断裂相交,向南隐伏于太原盆地。它是一条连接太原和忻定两盆地的现代活动断裂。经野外工作,我们发现了该断